经典名方中杜仲的本草考证

Herbal Textual Research on Eucommiae Cortex in Famous Classical Formulas

通过查阅历代本草、医籍、方书并结合近现代文献资料,笔者对杜仲药材的名称、基原、产地、品质评价、采收加工、炮制历史沿革及产地变迁情况进行了系统梳理及考证,以期为含杜仲的经典名方开发提供参考依据。经考证可知,历代本草均以杜仲为正名,基原为杜仲科植物杜仲Eucommia ulmoides的干燥树皮,古今一致;杜仲最早的产地为河南、山西、陕西、四川一带,自明代以来产地扩展至全国大部分地区,且推崇四川、陕西、重庆、贵州、湖北等地为杜仲的道地产区;近代以来总结其品质以皮厚、块大、粗皮刮净、断面多丝、内表面色暗紫为佳;杜仲的古代炮制加工方法主要有去粗皮切制生用和加酥蜜、姜汁、盐水、酒等辅料炮制,近现代以来炮制方法日趋简化,沿用的炮制方法主要为净制后切制生用、盐炙,建议挖掘不同杜仲炮制品的现代科学内涵,通过标准恢复传统主流炮制方法。基于宋代陈自明的三痹汤中杜仲“去皮,切,姜汁炒”的要求,根据考证结果,建议使用姜杜仲,即参考2020年版《中华人民共和国药典》炒法,以姜汁为辅料进行炮制后入药。

In order to provide the basis for the development of famous classical formulas,the name,origin,quality evaluation,harvesting and processing of Eucommiae Cortex were systematically researched by consulting the ancient herbal and medical books,combining with the modern literature.According to the textual research,materia medica in the past dynasties used Eucommiae Cortex as the correct name.Combined with characteristics,origin and efficacy,Eucommiae Cortex in ancient times to the present is the dry bark of Eucommia ulmoides from family Eucommiaceae.The earliest producing areas of Eucommiae Cortex are Henan,Shanxi,Shaanxi and Sichuan.Since the Ming dynasty,the producing areas have expanded to most of the regions in the country,and Sichuan,Shaanxi,Chongqing,Guizhou and Hubei are regarded as the authentic producing areas.It has been concluded that the quality of Eucommiae Cortex is best if the bark has thick body,large block,scraped rough skin,multi silk section and dark purple internal surface.In ancient times,the processing methods of Eucommiae Cortex were mainly included removing rough bark and cutting for raw use,processing with auxiliary materials such as honey,ginger juice,salt water,wine,and so on.While in modern times,the processing methods have become increasingly simplified which are mainly cutting raw materials after cleansing and salt processing.It is need to excavate the connotation of different processed products and restore the traditional main processing methods through standards.Based on the requirement of Eucommiae Cortex in Sanbitang,it is suggested to use ginger-processed products according to the research results,which is used ginger juice as auxiliary material and processed with stir frying method according to the 2020 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia.