合谋、超真、无终态:假新闻的生成机理及演化趋向

Conspiracy,Hyper-real,No Termination:The Generation Mechanism and Evolution Trend of the Fake News

现代媒介技术自发端以来,历经专业化范式(大众媒体)、社会化范式(社交媒体)和智能化范式(智能媒体)三个阶段。媒介技术推动新闻繁荣的同时也成为假新闻推手。以技术演进历史为序进行考察,假新闻生成及演化呈现三重趋向:从假新闻生成主体看,人与技术的逻辑互为嵌入、身份互为遮蔽以及行动互推放大,进而形成从“人类主导”到“人机合谋”的身份异变;从生成效果看,假新闻生成历经从“仿造”到“仿真”、从“逼真”到“超真”的行动路径和效果演变;从生成状态看,假新闻生成从“终态”转向“无终态”,体现于其生成时间的加速态、生成空间的弥漫态和生成意义的偏离态。以上演化趋向深刻影响了新闻生态,也对信息生态治理带来挑战。

Since its inception,modern media technology has gone through three stages:professional paradigm(mass media),social paradigm(social media) and intelligent paradigm(intelligent media).While media technology has driven the news boom,it has also become a powerful driver of fake news.Examining the history of technological evolution in order,the generation and evolution of fake news presents a threefold trend:from the perspective of the subject of fake news generation,the logic of people and technology is embedded with each other,identities are obscured by each other,and actions are mutually promoted and amplified,and the identity transformation from “human dominance” to “human-machine collusion” is realized;From the perspective of generation effect,fake news generation has undergone an advanced action path and effect from “imitation” to “simulation”,from “realistic” to “super-real”;From the perspective of the generation state,the shift in fake news generation from “ termination ” to “no termination” is reflected in the accelerated state of its generation time,the diffuse state of generation space,and the deviation state of generating meaning.The above evolutionary trends have profoundly affected the news ecology and brought challenges to the governance of the information ecosystem.