审美人类学视阈下的花儿研究

A Study of“Hua’er”from the Perspective of Aesthetic Anthropology

审美人类学是一门新型交叉学科。它整合了美学理论及观点,并从人类学整体论、相对论、进化论及变迁论等方面研究文艺作品或族群文化。它被学界提出并得到认同,在研究“他者”的文化方面开辟了新的研究领域,用它研究和探讨花儿这种世界非物质文化遗产无疑是一种新的尝试。西北花儿的个性美、野性美从文本或田野中反映出来。花儿的田野之美是解释人类学“写文化”的主要目的,也是学者们扎根田野、“深描”地方族群原生态文化之美、追求至真至美的主要宗旨。花儿的田野叙事方式与文化人类学的“深描”研究方法的深度耦合,是研究花儿的新路径,使花儿的研究走向多元化发展之路。因此,从审美人类学的视阈关注或研究西北花儿具有一定的现实学术意义,特别是从花儿的审美意蕴、集体记忆及文化功能三个方面研究花儿文本或花儿传唱形式,对多学科融合发展具有重要的学术价值。

Aesthetic anthropology is a new interdisciplinary subject.It integrates aesthetic theories and viewpoints,and studies literary works or ethnic cultures from anthropological holism,relativity,evolution and change theory.Since it was put forward and recognized by academic circles,it has opened up a new research field in studying the culture of"the other".It is undoubtedly a new attempt to study and discuss Hua'er,a world intangible cultural heritage.The beauty of personality and wildness of Hua'er in northwest China are reflected in texts or fields.The beauty of Hua'er in the field is the main purpose of explaining anthropology's"writing culture",and it is also the main purpose for scholars to take root in the field and"deeply describe"the beauty of the original ecological culture of local ethnic groups and pursue the truth and beauty.The deep coupling between Hua'er's field narration and the"deep description"research method of cultural anthropology is a new way to study Hua'er,which makes the study of Hua'er move towards diversified development.Therefore,it is of practical and academic significance to pay attention to or study the Hua'er in northwest China from the perspective of aesthetic anthropology,especially to study the multi-disciplinary integration of the Hua'er texts or singing forms from their aesthetic implication,collective memory and cultural function.