乡村多元共治视野下藏族“措瓦”的现代转型——以青海同德县玛域噶什则措瓦为例

The Modern Transformation of Tibetan“Tsho Ba”from a Perspective of Rural Multi-Governance——A Case Study from Mayul Gashize Tsho Ba in Qinghai

措瓦是传统藏族牧区最核心的社会组织形式。文章以玛域噶什则措瓦为考察对象,对其历史演变、组织结构和社会功能进行较系统的研究,认为藏族牧区措瓦在新的历史条件下并没有彻底衰落,反而为适应现代生存环境而进行自我改造与重构,逐步转型为具有时代功能的现代基层社会组织。藏族措瓦的转型过程和经验,无论是从结构方面还是从功能方面,均为民族传统社会组织有效实现现代转型提供了一个路径,从而对推动新时代乡村振兴的进程、促进多元共治的乡村治理水平的提升具有至关重要的借鉴意义。

Tsho Ba is the core form of social organization in traditional Tibetan pastoral areas.With the great social change and the wave of modernity,the social function and influence of Tibetan Tsho Ba are gradually weakening and declining.This paper takes Mayu Gashize Tsho Ba as the object of investigation.Through a systematic study of its history,organizational structure and social functions,it is believed that the Tibetan pastoral Tsho Ba has not completely declined under the new historical conditions,but have carried out transformation and reconstruction to adapt to the modern living environment and gradually transformed into a modern social organization.The transformation process and experience of Tibetan Tsho Ba,both in terms of structure and function,provide a path for traditional ethnic social organizations to effectively achieve modern transformation,which is of vital significance for promoting the development process of rural revitalization and promoting the improvement of the level of rural multi-governance.