三晋与东周王室、中山国、燕国量制问题研究

Measurement Issues of the Three Jin,the Eastern Zhou Royal Family,the Zhongshan State,and the Yan State

本文以记容器和量器等实物材料为基础,分别对战国时期三晋(韩、赵、魏)、东周王室、中山国和燕国的基本量制单位、量值和进制关系进行了系统研究。各国家和地区的量制虽各有特点,但有许多相同之处,具体表现在相同的量制单位和量值,以及普遍存在两种量制标准同时并行的现象。其量制在战国时期尤其是战国中晚期都比较稳定,似乎没有经历重大改革。而且它们与齐、邾、秦等多个诸侯国之间可能已建立统一量制标准,200毫升和2000毫升是多个国家和地区的通用量值。这些情况反映出战国量制“异中有同”的整体特点。

Based on the physical materials such as container records and measurements,this paper systematically studies the basic measurement units,values,and decimal relationships of the Three Jin(Han,Zhao,and Wei),Eastern Zhou Royal Family,Zhongshan State,and Yan State during the Warring States period.Although the measurement system of each state and region has its characteristics,there are many similarities,specifically reflected in the same measurement units and values,and the phenomenon of two measurement standards coexisting simultaneously is widespread.Their measurement system was relatively stable during the Warring States period,especially in the middle and late periods,and they did not undergo major reforms.Moreover,they may have established unified measurement standards with multiple vassal states such as Qi,Zhu,and Qin,and 200 mL and 2000 mL are the common measurement values of multiple states and regions.These situations reflect the overall feature of the measurements during the Warring States period,which is‘having similarities amid differences’.