中国银行业服务实体经济:测度、成因及治理对策

Chinese Banks’Ability to Serve the Real Economy:Measurement,Causes and Countermeasures

中国经济步入高质量发展阶段,支持实体经济发展、防范和化解金融风险已成为金融业的重要任务。本文以2010-2021年中国商业银行为样本,选取规模、资源配置和基础设施三个维度对银行服务实体经济进行了定义和测度,并分析了银行服务实体经济的影响因素与提升策略。研究得出,中国银行业服务实体经济的能力从2010年到2021年呈现出先下降、后上升的趋势,银行对实体经济的有力支持从2018年开始尤为突出。银行业集中度和成本管控能力是影响银行服务实体经济的重要因素。进一步研究发现,银行服务实体经济能力的改善能够抑制银行的破产风险,银行数字化转型和金融创新扭转了银行竞争对服务实体经济的削弱作用,能够促进银行的良性竞争。据此,应在把控银行准入节奏的基础上推进银行数字化转型和金融创新,持续增强银行支持实体经济发展的能力。

As China's economy enters a stage of high-quality development,supporting the real econo⁃my,preventing and resolving financial risks have become important tasks for the financial industry.The article takes Chinese commercial banks from 2010 to 2021 as samples,selects scale,resource allocation,and infra⁃structure dimensions to define and measure the banks'ability to serve the real economy,and empirically exam⁃ines its influencing factors and improvement strategies.The result shows that the ability of China's banking in⁃dustry to serve the real economy had a decreasing trend from 2010 to 2018 and an increasing trend after 2018.Banking concentration and cost-controlling ability are significant influencing factors in banks'ability to serve the real economy.Further analysis finds that the improvement of banks'ability to serve the real economy can curb the risks of bankruptcy,and the digital transformation and financial innovation of banks can reverse the weakening effect of bank competition on the ability to serve the real economy,promoting the benign competi⁃tion of banks.The government should promote the digital transformation and financial innovation of banks on the basis of controlling bank concentration,and consistently enhance banks’ability to provide support to the real economy.