海南岛玄武岩石粉废渣制备连续纤维实验研究

An experimental study on the preparation of continuous fiber from basalt waste powder in Hainan Island

玄武岩石粉废渣是玄武岩石材破碎加工过程中产生的废料,其粒度细、销路差,尚无成熟的大规模综合利用方法。本文采集海南岛不同地区的8组玄武岩石粉废渣,利用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪(ICP-OES)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)分析其化学成分和矿物组分,通过差示扫描量热仪(DSC)、能谱仪(EDS)及熔融实验分析其结晶性能,筛选出最符合玄武岩纤维原料特征的样品进行纤维制备研究。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)及XRD分析纤维表面形貌与结晶晶相,将其性能与标准纤维进行对比。结果表明,1 450℃时制得的纤维频繁断丝,表面结晶出大量树枝状及针状的硅灰石、石英、黄长石和磁铁矿;升温至1 480℃并保温1 h后成功制得的连续纤维,仍含有黄长石和磁铁矿,断裂强力略低于标准纤维。研究结果表明利用海南岛玄武岩石粉废渣制备连续纤维具有一定可行性,本研究为海南岛玄武岩石粉废渣的处理提供了导向性建议和理论基础。

The basalt waste powder is a by-product of the crushing and processing of basalt stone.It has a fine grain size and is difficult to sell,and there is currently no widely adopted method for comprehensive utilization on a large scale.In this study,eight groups of basalt waste powder from different areas of Hainan Island were selected for analysis.The chemical and mineral composition of the basalt waste powder was determined by inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometer(ICP-OES)and X-ray diffractometer(XRD).The crystallization properties of the basalt waste powder were analyzed by differential scanning calorimeter(DSC),energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS),and melting experiments.The surface morphology and crystal phase of the fibers prepared from the basalt waste powder were examined by scanning electron microscope(SEM)and XRD,and their properties were compared to those of standard fibers.The results revealed that the fiber prepared at a temperature of 1450℃tended to break frequently,and there was a significant presence of dendritic and acicular crystals on the fiber surface.These crystals were identified as wollastonite,quartz,melilite,and magnetite.After raising the temperature to 1480℃and maintaining it for 1 hour,continuous fiber was successfully obtained.However,the breaking strength of the fiber was slightly lower than that of standard fibers.Melilite and magnetite were also detected in the fiber.These results validate the feasibility of preparing continuous fiber from basalt waste powder from Hainan Island.This study offers practical guidance and a theoretical foundation for the treatment of basalt waste powder on Hainan Island.