抗生素对婴幼儿肠道菌群及其携带耐药基因组影响的研究进展

Effects of antibiotics on the infant gut microbiota and resistome

婴幼儿肠道菌群(infant gut microbiota,IGM)发育进程是模式化的,抗生素可能会打破这一发育(演替)进程,并延缓发育的成熟程度,甚至可能与其成年后肥胖、糖尿病等代谢性疾病的发生、发展有关。另外,肠道菌群是抗生素耐药基因(antibiotic resistance gene,ARG)的重要储存库,抗生素暴露可能会增加ARG在肠道细菌的累积,加速筛选携带ARG的多耐药微生物(multidrug resistant organism,MDRO)。而宏基因组研究显示,刚出生的婴儿即使从未使用抗生素,肠道也出现了ARG。不同种类的抗生素对肠道菌群及其携带的耐药基因组的影响也不尽相同。现就抗生素对IGM发育进程、动态变化规律、特定菌种定植、细菌丰富度和多样性的影响;健康婴幼儿携带的肠道耐药基因组的特征;抗生素暴露对肠道耐药基因组在ARGs种类、负荷以及加速选择MDRO等方面的影响作一概述。

The normal developmental progression of the infant gut microbiota(IGM)is patterned,yet highly dynamic and individual specific.Antibiotics may disrupt these succession patterns and delay maturity of the microbial communities,and may even be related to the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases such as obesity and diabetes in adulthood.In addition,antibiotic exposure can induce enrichment of antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs)and multidrug resistant organisms(MDROs),that is,IGM can be acted as extensive reservoirs for ARGs.Macrogenomic analysis has confirmed the existence of ARGs in gut microbiota of antibiotic-naive newborns.Moreover,different antibiotics have different effects on IGM and its carrying ARGs.This paper reviews the effects of antibiotics on the developmental processes,dynamic changes,colonization specificity,bacterial richness and diversity of IGM,and also summarizes characteristics of gut resistome carried by healthy infants as well as influences of antibiotic exposure on ARGs types,microbial loading and accelerated selection for MDROs.