QCD手征相结构的格点量子色动力学研究进展

A brief review of the QCD phase structure toward the chiral limit through lattice QCD

强相互作用核物质在极端高温下的相结构一直是高能重离子碰撞领域的重要研究课题.由于相结构研究本身为长程、非微扰的物理,格点量子色动力学(Lattice QCD)是研究这一课题的重要方法.在这篇简要的综述中,我们首先给出强相互作用核物质相结构的研究背景,接着介绍有限温度格点量子色动力学和夸克质量平面下的哥伦比亚相图,再概述近期关于小夸克质量区间的哥伦比亚相图的研究进展——物理点时的相转变温度、2+1味及3味QCD在手征极限下的相变温度,之后重点讨论手征反常及其微观本质的格点QCD研究进展,最后给出总结.

Mapping out the phase structure of strong-interaction matter has been one of the central goals in the field of high-energy heavy-ion collision physics.Lattice QCD is one of the main theoretical tools used to understand the QCD phase structure due to its highly non-perturbative feature.In this brief review,we first motivate for the study of the QCD phase structure at zero baryon chemical potential,and provide a general introduction to lattice QCD and the Columbia plot in the quark mass plane.We then mainly review the recent progress in the study of the Columbia plot toward the chiral limit of light quarks,which includes the QCD transition temperature at the physical point,the chiral phase transition temperatures of(2+1)-flavor and 3-flavor QCD,and particularly the fate of chiral anomaly at nonzero temperature and its microscopic origin.