小学阶段职前教师教育课程的反思与重构——基于SEL的观察视角

Reflection and Reconstruction of Pre-service Teacher Education Courses of Primary Education Stage:From the Perspective of SEL

当前,培养儿童和青少年社会情感能力,已成为国际教育改革与发展的一项重要议题。它要求教师自身必须具有较高的社会情感能力,以及对学生进行社会情感教育的能力。在此背景下,师范院校是否为此作好了相应的准备,值得检视与反思。论文首先从普遍性和特殊性相结合的角度,阐述了将SEL引入小学阶段职前教师教育的必要性。接着,基于SEL的观察视角,从正反两个方面梳理和分析了相关教师教育政策文本与SEL的关联性,在此基础上确立了师范院校小教专业教育类课程开设的应然状态,尔后又对八所师范大学小教专业开设的教育类必修课进行了实证性的调查。调查发现,当前师范院校小教专业教育类课程的开设存在三个明显的不足,即:培养方案中缺乏通识类SEL高相关课程;专业类SEL高相关课程的开设存在明显的“错位”与“失位”;现有的体验类SEL课程模块较为单一、不够丰富。针对这三个不足,论文提出了相应的改进对策与建议,包括:开设“人文-社科经典研读”通识类SEL课程;调整和优化培养方案中SEL相关课程的设置;强化SEL高相关课程薄弱环节的建设;丰富和拓展师范生有关SEL的体验学习路径。

At present,the cultivation of children and adolescents'social emotional ability has become an important issue in the reform and development of international education.It requires teachers to have high social emotional ability and the ability to conduct social emotional education for students.In this context,it is worth examining and reflecting whether normal colleges are prepared for this.This paper firstly expounds the necessity of introducing SEL into primary pre-service teacher education from the perspective of universality and particularity.Then,based on the observation perspective of SEL,the correlation between relevant teacher education policy texts and SEL is analyzed from both positive and negative aspects,and on this basis,the ideal state of primary education courses in normal colleges is established,subsequently,the paper makes an empirical investigation on the primary pre-service teacher education courses offered by eight normal universities.It is found that there are three obvious shortcomings in the establishment of primary teacher education courses in normal colleges,namely:there is no SEL high related courses in general education;There are obvious"misplacement"and"position-losing"in the offering of SEL high related courses;The existing experiential SEL course modules are relatively simple and not rich enough.In view of these three deficiencies,the paper puts forward the corresponding improvement countermeasures and suggestions,including:Seting up"humanities and social science classic study"SEL course;Adjust and optimize SEL related courses in the training program of normal university;Strengthen the construction of weak links of SEL high related courses;Enrich and expand the path of SEL experience learning for normal universitystudents.