乡村振兴背景下县域职业教育高质量发展:定位、难题与策略

On the Orientation,Challenges and Strategies of High-quality Development of County Vocational Education in the ContextofRuralRevitalization

县域职业教育是我国现代职业教育体系的底层结构,是职业教育的基本盘,在长期发展过程中形成了“嵌入地方”“服务农民”“突出公共性”以及“重视基层创新”等重要经验。乡村振兴背景下,应从县域职业教育的稳定结构、开放功能、多样形态、协同机制以及可持续生态等方面,系统理解与优化县域职业教育的基本框架与高质量发展的现实定位。当前,县域发展与治理模式转变引发的价值“虚化”、发展底层逻辑转换造成的功能“窄化”以及结构性缺陷突出导致的形象“矮化”是县域职业教育高质量发展面临的现实难题。推动县域职业教育高质量发展,应基于乡村振兴战略优化县域职业教育结构,构建发展新秩序,优化内容体系,突出系统多重目标、多种形式以及多类产出;重塑县域职业教育的“地方性”,理顺职业教育发展中政府、市场与社会的关系;加强面向县域职业教育的制度供给,以县域公共服务制度、财政治理制度以及评价制度改革来引导和保障县域职业教育高质量发展。

County vocational education is located in the underlying structure of China's modern vocational education system and is the base of vocational education.It has accumulated significant experiences,such as"embedding in local areas","serving farmers","highlighting publicness","emphasizing innovation"and so on.In the context of rural revitalization,the development standard of county vocational education as a measure of rural revitalization should be understood from the perspectives of promoting the adaptability of agricultural and rural modernization,promoting the high quality of farmers'modernization,and highlighting the innovation of Chinese-style education modernization.However,the"contribution challenge"caused by the transformation of county development and governance mode,the"positioning challenge"formed by the transformation of the underlying logic of development,and the"capacity challenge"caused by the outstanding structural deficiencies all together constitute the structural defects of county vocational education development.With the historical experience and realistic logic,it should create opportunities for the development of county industries and people by building a new order of vocational education development,and highlight the multiple objectives,forms and outputs of the system;it should promote the high-quality development of county vocational education focusing on the construction of skill-based villages,improving the basic capacity,inclusiveness and quality of vocational education development;it should strengthen the institutional supply to release the policy dividends of innovation and development,rationalize the government,market and society in vocational education development,and form a county vocational education system that is compatible with rural revitalization.