高职学生是如何学习的:基于课堂观察的行为分析

How do Higher Vocational College students learn:A Behavioral Analysis Based on Classroom Observations

学生课堂学习情况是教学改革与实施的重要依据,而当前职业教育教学改革的研究多集中在教师教学,缺乏对学生学习的理解。本研究通过对三个不同专业的三年制高职理实一体化课堂的观察,发现高职学生的学习过程呈六阶段螺旋上升,过程循环递进,阶段层层叠套,学生在学习阶段及学习行动上呈现多种特征。同时发现当前高职学生学习存在基本操作技能熟练,但理论与实践缺乏有效联结;认知加工有赖于实践支持,且学习活动层次有待加深;问题解决能力层次尚浅,问题发现意识缺乏以及师生互动有效性不高,双向互动作用有待强化等问题。由此,在高职教育教学活动中需强化理实联结与转化,构建知行融合的学习活动;遵循学生认知特点,科学优化学习活动结构;解构完善学习任务,提升学生问题解决能力;关注师生主体间性,充分发挥师生互动作用以及加强实践活动支持,深化产教融合一体化进程。

Students'learning performance in class is an important basis for teaching reform and implementation,while the current research on teaching reform in vocational education mostly focuses on teachers'teaching and lacks understanding of students'learning.Through the observation of three-year higher vocational colleges'integration classrooms of theory and practice in three different majors,it is found that the learning process of higher vocational college students is spiraling in six stages,the process is cyclical and progressive,the stages are stacked in layers,and students present various characteristics in learning stages and learning behaviors.At the same time,it is found that the current higher vocational college students are proficient in basic operation skills,but lack of effective connection between theory and practice,cognitive processing depends on practical support,and the level of learning activities needs to be deepened,the level of problem-solving ability is still shallow,lack of problem discovery awareness,and the effectiveness of teacher-student interaction is not high,and the role of two-way interaction needs to be strengthened.Therefore,in the teaching activities of higher vocational education,it is necessary to strengthen the connection and transformation between theory and practice,build learning activities that integrate knowledge and practice,follow the cognitive characteristics of students,scientifically optimize the structure of learning activities,deconstruct and improve learning tasks,enhance students'problem-solving ability and pay attention to the inter-subjectivity of teachers and students,so as to give full play to the role of teacher-student interaction and strengthen support for practical activities and deepen the process of integration between industryand education.