“会考试等于会做事”:德国基于技术的职业能力测试研究

"Higher Testing Scores Mean Stronger Capability in Practices":the Study of Germany's Occupational Ability Test Based on Technology

为了实现智能时代“会考试等于会做事”,德国基于技术的职业能力测试(ASCOT)获得了政策支持。通过确定职业能力测试的目标、内容、手段和迁移,ASCOT职业能力测试形成了一套完整的流程。职业能力测试的目标回答了“试题测什么”的问题,包括对职业能力概念的澄清和对普通能力模型的建构。职业能力测试的内容回答了“试题出什么”的问题,包括工作要求分析、典型任务整理和具体能力模型建构。职业能力测试的手段回答了“试题怎么出”的问题,包括试题的设计依据和具体形式。职业能力测试的迁移回答了项目“成果如何应用”问题,包括成果迁移的支持措施和具体路径设计。在保证客观度和信效度,实现“会考试等于会做事”方面,“德国模式”为我国1+X证书制度改革提供了启示和借鉴。

Targeting"higher testing scores mean stronger capability in practices"in the era of intelligence,Germany's occupational ability test(ASCOT)based on technology has been supported by policy.By determining the goals,contents,means and the transfer of the professional ability test,the ASCOT professional action ability test has formed a complete process.The objective of the vocational ability test addresses the question of"what do the questions test",including the clarification of the concept of vocational ability and the construction of the general ability model.The contents of the vocational ability test cover the question of"what are the test questions",including the analysis of job requirements,the arrangement of typical tasks and the construction of specific ability models.The means of the vocational ability test clarifies the question of"how to make the test questions",including the design basis and specific format of the test questions.The transfer of the vocational ability test defines the project"how to apply the results",including the supporting measures and the specific path design for the transfer of the results.In terms of ensuring objectivity and credibility and realising that"higher testing scores mean stronger capability in practices",the German model provides inspiration and reference for the reform of the"1+X"certification system in China.