教育需要何种“努力”

What Kind of"Effort"is Necessary for Education

努力是生命的存在方式和人性的打开方式,人之本质力量只有在努力中才能绽放和展现。教育关涉生命的成长和人性的养成,它是一种彰显生命自觉的努力。即便好的人类生活是脆弱的,人之生活无法拒斥运气和偶然性,但在教育学意义上,努力对于人之生命依然具有构成性的内在价值。对于教育来说,构成问题的不在于要不要努力,而在于追问需要何种努力。从比较的视野看,虽说任何国家的教育都有努力性,中国教育尤其彰显出努力性格,可以说完全是一种努力型教育,努力是中国教育的基本底色。只是,置身现代性加速社会之中,青少年儿童在教育上的努力强度超出了生命承受力、努力方式表现为离身训练、努力方向指向于成功伦理,从而使努力更多体现为一种束缚人、压迫人而不是成就人、解放人的力量。只有一方面对努力型教育保持文化自觉和自信,澄清“努力”作为人人可欲的品质在教育中比运气、天赋、环境等等更具教育意义;另一方面又对令人倦怠的教育努力作出批判性反思,避免努力的工具化和虚无主义,积极建构教育性努力,这样才能促进生命的健康成长和美好生活的实现。

Effort is the means by which life exists and the way in which humanity is revealed.It is only through effort that the inherent strength of human nature can be displayed.Education concerns the growth of life and the cultivation of humanity,and it is a form of effort that reflects the self-awareness of life.Even though human life is fragile and one's destiny cannot stay clear of the influence of luck or chance,the effort still has intrinsic value in constituting one's life in educational terms.For education,the question is not whether to make an effort or not,but rather what kind of ffort is needed.From a comparative perspective,although education in any country involves effort,Chinese education in particular demonstrates an effort-oriented character,and it can be said to be entirely an effort-based education,with effort being the foundation of Chinese education.However,in accelerated society,the intensity of effort required for education by children and adolescents exceeds their ability to endure,and is manifested in physical training and an emphasis on success ethics,making effort more of a force that confines and oppresses rather than a force that achieves and liberates.On the one hand,it is necessary to maintain cultural awareness and confidence in effort-based education and to clarify that"effort"as a desirable quality has more educational significance than luck,talent,environment,etc.On the other hand,it is necessary to critically reflect on the tedious efforts of education,avoid the instrumentalization and nihilism of effort,and actively construct educational efforts in order to promote the healthy growth of life and the realization of a good life.