回放实验在鸟类鸣声研究中的应用与设计

Playback experiments in avian vocalization: use and design

通过系统地收集Web of Science数据库发表于1993—2022年鸟类鸣声回放的文献,对440篇文献的502项研究进行了汇总.回放实验对鸟类研究的应用集中在:以性选择和亲敌效应为主的种内研究,以捕食和巢寄生为主的种间研究,以围攻行为和群落监测为主的多物种研究;此外,在分类学中也有应用.回放实验的设计多采用单音箱回放的手段,包括单音箱重复回放和单音箱非重复回放2种实施方式;多模态信号刺激在回放实验中也占有一定比例.双音箱回放和互动回放2种实验设计远没有预期的重要.回放实验中的假重复问题已得到很好的解决,而回放实验过程的可重复性、分类研究中对雌鸟回放的缺失、回放声音的存储格式需要在今后的研究中得到关注.本文对回放实验的应用、实施方式以及存在的问题进行点评,以期为回放实验在鸟类鸣声研究中的应用提供参考和借鉴.

Acoustic playback is routinely used to study avian vocalization.Playback experiment investigates the function and biological significance of sound signals by playing natural or synthetic sound signals to birds,to observe their reactions,and to record behavioral variables of target individuals.A total of 440 publications on avian vocalization playback from 1993 to 2022 were retrieved from Web of Science.Playback experiment had been done in intraspecific research,e.g.,sexual selection and dear-enemy effect,interspecific research,e.g.,predation and brood parasitism,and multi-species research,e.g.,mobbing behavior and community monitoring.Playback experiments are also used in taxonomy.The design of playback experiments often adopts one-speaker playback,including two implementation methods,i.e.,one-speaker playback with or without replication.Multimodal signal stimulation also accounts for a certain proportion in playback experiments.However,the experimental designs of two-speaker playback and interactive playback are far less important than expected.Now,the problem of pseudo-replication in playback experiment has been well solved.The reproducibility of the playback experiment process,the lack of female bird playback in taxonomy research,storage format of playback sound needs to be paid attention to in future research.