低保污名化困境的生成与消解——基于广东省E县低保识别改革的案例分析

The Formation and Solution of the Stigma Dilemma of Subsistence Allowances:Based on the Case Analysis of the Subsistence Allowance Identification Reform in E County,Guangdong Province

全面建成小康社会以后,低保救助从物质帮扶向福祉提升延伸。低保污名化会削弱低保政策的执行效果,损害低保户的主观福祉。从政策过程、制度主义和个体自利三个维度对低保污名化的生成机制进行审视可以发现,污名化存在于低保政策过程的设计与执行阶段,正式制度和非正式制度为其产生提供了空间,并造成了福利中断或福利依赖的消极后果。基层政府通过延伸治理目标、更新治理理念、转变治理策略和提升治理效能,在低保政策目标群体的建构过程中实现对污名的消解,这一过程也体现了国家福利治理策略的转变逻辑。

After building a moderately prosperous society in all respects,subsistence allowances have extended from material assistance to well-being improvement.The stigma of subsistence allowances will weaken the implementation effect of subsistence allowance policy and damage the subjective well-being of those living on subsistence allowances.Examining the formation of the stigma of subsistence allowances from policy process,institutionalism and individual self--interest,we can find that the stigma exists in the design and implementation stage of the policy process of subsistence allowances,and the formal system and informal system provide space for its emergence,which leads to the negative consequences of welfare interruption or welfare dependence.Primary-level governments can eliminate the stigma in the process of constructing the target group of subsistence allowance policy by extending governance objectives,updating governance ideas,changing governance strategies and improving governance efficiency,which also reflects the transformation logic of national welfare governance strategies.