服务分工升级、需求偏好与企业出口绩效——基于服务视角的理论与经验分析

Service segmentation upgrade,demand preference,and firm export performance:theoretical and empirical analysis based on a service perspective

从需求偏好的视角入手,验证了服务分工对企业出口的重要影响。通过构建理论模型,诠释了影响机制:一方面,在出口市场,如果企业产品内服务分工较多,则会捆绑品质更高的附属服务,影响客户的需求偏好,最终提高客户对出口产品的需求;另一方面,产品内服务分工细化,会降低服务投入中间品的价格,进而提高企业出口绩效。为了检验理论部分提出的假说,使用2000—2014年企业与贸易微观数据,刻画了我国的服务分工,度量了企业出口附加服务的品质。结果表明,服务分工提高1%,产品出口额将提高0.555%~1.326%,服务分工显著促进企业出口。进一步地,尝试构建其他国家的国际服务分工指标作为工具变量,克服了经验分析潜在的内生性问题。机制分析发现,服务分工提高1%,需求偏好转移1.082%~1.397%,同时服务投入成本提高会抑制服务分工对出口绩效的影响。服务分工不仅提高了附属服务品质,影响需求偏好,还降低了服务投入成本,最终促进企业出口。异质性分析表明,企业规模较大、产品替代性较高、出口目的地与我国接壤、出口目的地不属于OECD国家等特征,会扩大服务分工对企业出口绩效的边际作用。在充分考虑样本阈值、样本选择问题以及指标度量等干扰因素后,经验分析结果仍然稳健。研究结论为验证“服务业是衔接供应与需求的关键,并且是畅通国内大循环的重要基础条件”提供了全新的理论依据。

From the perspective of demand preference,this article provides the verification of the important impact of service segmentation on enterprise exports.First,this article interprets the impact mechanism by constructing a theoretical model.In the export market,if the service segmentation of company's products is more,it will bundle higher quality ancillary services,affecting customer demand preferences and ultimately increasing demand for export products.Meanwhile,refining the service segmentation within the product will lower the price of intermediate goods for service input,thereby improving the enterprise's export performance.In order to test the hypothesis proposed in the theoretical section,this article uses micro data on enterprises and trade from 2000 to 2014 to depict China's service segmentation and measure the quality of additional services exported by enterprises.The results show,first,that an increase of 1%in the service segmentation will increase product exports by 0.555%to 1.326%.Therefore,the service segmentation significantly promotes enterprise exports.Furthermore,this article attempts to construct an international service segmentation in other countries as an instrumental variable to overcome potential endogeneity issues in empirical analysis.Mechanism analysis shows that an increase of 1%in the service segmentation,a shift in demand preference of 1.082%to 1.397%,and an increase in service input and transaction costs will suppress the impact of the service segmentation on export performance.Because service segmentation improves the quality of ancillary services,affects demand preferences,and reduces service input costs,ultimately it promotes enterprise exports.Heterogeneity analysis shows that the marginal effect of service segmentation on the export performance of the enterprise will be enhanced by the larger scale of the enterprise,the higher level of product substitutability,the border between the export destination and China,and the fact that the export destination does not belong to the OECD.The results are robust after fully considering interference factors such as the sample threshold,sample selection,and indicator measurement.The conclusions of this paper provide a new and comprehensive theoretical basis for verifying“the service industry is key to linking supply and demand and is the most important basic condition for unblocking the domestic economic circulation”.