跨境电商综合试验区与区域协调发展:窗口辐射还是虹吸效应

Cross-border E-commerce Comprehensive Pilot Areas and Regional Coordinated Development:Window Radiation or Siphon Effect

跨境电商综合试验区是高水平开放的重大制度创新,更是推动我国区域协调高质量发展的重要抓手。文章首先厘清了跨境电商综合试验区影响区域协调发展的内在机理,然后以2015-2019年先后分四批次设立的跨境电商综合试验区为准自然实验,运用双重差分模型识别了其影响区域协调发展的净效应。研究发现,跨境电商综合试验区建设能够显著提高设立城市与未设立城市之间的经济周期同步性,这表明跨境电商综合试验区建设能够促进区域协调发展。跨境电商综合试验区建设对区域协调发展的影响因城市的地域分布、人力资本、金融发展和信息基础设施水平的不同而显著不同。机制检验表明,跨境电商综合试验区建设主要通过制度创新的引领示范效应和资源再配置效应来促进区域协调发展。文章还对跨境电商综合试验区政策文本进行了量化分析,发现供给型、环境型和需求型政策工具都是促进区域协调发展的有效政策工具。因此,持续扩大跨境电商综合试验区政策的覆盖范围,形成多网络中心节点空间布局,探索差异化制度创新,合理优化政策工具的内部结构,是促进区域协调发展的有效路径。

The establishment of cross-border e-commerce comprehensive pilot areas under the new development pattern of"dual circulation"is a key institutional innovation of high-level opening-up and an essential starting point for fostering high-quality regional coordinated development in China.Examining the impact of cross-border e-commerce comprehensive pilot areas on regional coordinated development has important theoretical and practical implications not only for deepening digital trade system reform,perfecting the digital trade supervision system,and improving the digital trade market system,but also for building a new development pattern,narrowing the regional development gap,and achieving regional coordinated development.This paper takes the cross-border e-commerce comprehensive pilot areas set up in four batches since 2015 as a quasi-natural experiment and uses the DID model to identify the net effect of its policies on the coordinated development of regions.The study finds that the establishment of cross-border e-commerce comprehensive pilot areas significantly enhances the business cycle synchronization between established and non-established cities.The impact of cross-border e-commerce comprehensive pilot areas on regional coordinated development is significantly heterogeneous due to differences in city pairs'regional distribution,human capital,financial development,and information infrastructure level.The mechanism test shows that cross-border e-commerce comprehensive pilot areas primarily foster regional coordinated development through the leading demonstration impact of institutional innovation and resource reallocation.Following the quantification of the policy text of cross-border ecommerce comprehensive areas,the empirical test concludes that supply-oriented policy tools,environmentoriented policy tools,and demand-oriented policy tools are all effective policy tools to promote regional coordinated development.This paper makes the following contributions:First,from the perspective of urban bilateral economic relations,it identifies the impact of cross-border e-commerce comprehensive pilot areas on regional coordinated development and reveals the transmission channels of cross-border e-commerce comprehensive pilot areas on regional coordinated development.Second,the strength of economic ties is used as a criterion for matching cities where the cross-border e-commerce comprehensive pilot area is located with other cities,and the net effect of the policy impact of cross-border e-commerce pilot areas is more accurately identified by excluding city pairs with weak economic ties.Third,it employs the text analysis approach to quantify the cross-border e-commerce comprehensive pilot area policy,and independently assesses the efficacy of different policy tools affecting regional coordinated development.