人化自然的思想初探——《1844年经济学哲学手稿》之生态思想解读

A Preliminary Study on the Thought of Humanized Nature—Interpretation on the Ecological Thought in Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844

《1844年经济学哲学手稿》蕴藏有丰厚而深刻的生态思想,是马克思自然观的重要文献。人化自然是马克思自然概念的核心。对黑格尔和费尔巴哈自然哲学的双重批判与超越构成了《手稿》中人化自然思想出场的思想语境。具象化的自然性物质存在和对象化的社会性历史存在建构了人化自然的两重内涵。异化自然和人本自然是自然界在人化过程中的不同样态。其中,后者的实现是对前者的超越,是从资本主义的反生态实践向人道主义和自然主义统一的共产主义实践跃进的不可阻挡的结果。

In Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844,Karl Marx critiques and transcends both Hegel and Feuerbach’s philosophy of nature before elaborating on his view of nature.There is a consensus that the thought of humanized nature,which is constituted by the concretion of natural material and objectification of social history,is indeed the core of Marx’s view of nature.In the process of humanizing nature,humanistic nature surpassed alienated nature as it represents an irresistible leap from anti-ecological practices of capitalism to a unified humanistic and naturalistic practice of socialism.