清种补种上提式甘蔗排种器设计与试验

Design and experiments of a seed clearing,reseeding and elevating type seed metering device for sugarcane

针对甘蔗横向排种器因无序排种导致漏播指数高、排种合格指数低,致使出芽率低影响甘蔗总产量的问题,该研究设计了一种具有清种补种功能的上提式甘蔗排种器。首先对排种过程进行动力学分析,确定排种器的关键结构和工作参数。然后采用EDEM-RecurDyn耦合仿真分析,模拟蔗段与弹性板间的碰撞,分析蔗段的受力及运动,并通过推压试验确定弹性板的参数。为获得排种器的最佳性能参数,在单因素试验基础上,进行二次回归正交旋转组合试验。结果表明:一级清种补种区长度、二级清种补种区长度对漏播指数、重播指数、合格指数具有显著影响(P<0.01);排种带速度对漏播指数具有显著性影响(P<0.01),而对重播指数、合格指数影响不显著(P>0.05)。利用多目标优化方法确定最佳参数组合为:一级清种补种区长度13 cm、二级清种补种区长度16 cm、排种带速度97 mm/s。此时,漏播指数为1.7%,重播指数为3.5%,合格指数为94.8%;与常规上提式排种器的漏播指数6.9%相比,该排种器漏播指数降低了75%。该排种器可有效减少甘蔗播种的漏播指数、提高排种的合格指数,有利于实现甘蔗的精准种植。

Sugarcane is prone to disorder in the process of transversal elevating sowing.A high missed-seeding index and a low qualified index can result in low germination rates for the total yield of sugarcane.In this study,an elevating type sugarcane seed metering device was designed with the function of seed clearing and reseeding.The device shared multiple functions,including cane separation,sorting,dynamic elastic seed clearing,and automatic grading adjustment in the process of elevating transportation.Firstly,the key structural and operating parameters of the seeding device were determined the impact on the seeding performance using dynamic analysis in the processes of cane separation,clearing,and reseeding during the elevating and sowing of transversal sugarcane.Then,the collision between sugarcane and elastic board was simulated using the EDEM-RecurDyn coupling platform.The force acting on the sugarcane was calculated in the process of seeding and clearing.A series of push and compression tests were carried out to determine the parameters of the elastic plate.The deformation mechanism of the elastic board was used to clarify the force on the sugarcane.A blocking test was conducted on the sugarcane collection box.The gap was determined between the seed guide plate of the cane collecting box and the bottom of the seed separating and cleaning board,in order to ensure smooth and unobstructed movement of the sugarcane and unobstructed falling of sugarcane.A PVC seed planting platform was selected to launch a single-factor experiment.The optimal solution range was narrowed down in the experiments.A quadratic regression orthogonal rotation combination experiment was conducted on a single-factor experiment,in order to obtain the optimal performance parameters of the seed metering device.A regression mathematical model was established to analyze the effects of the length of the first and second clearing and reseeding area and the seeding belt speed on the miss-seeding index,multiple-seeding index and qualified index.The test results showed that the significant coefficients of the length of the first and second seed clearing and reseeding area were less than 0.01,indicating a significant impact on the miss-seeding index,multiple-seeding index and qualified index.The speed of the seeding belt shared a significant impact on the miss-seeding index,with a significance coefficient of less than 0.01.However,there was no significant impact on the multiple-seeding index and qualified index,with significance coefficients greater than 0.05.After multi-objective optimization,the optimal parameter combination was determined to be:the length of the first-level seed cleaning and reseeding area was 13 cm,the length of the second-level seed clearing and reseeding area was 16 cm,and the speed of the seed metering belt was 97 mm/s.The validation test showed that the miss-seeding index was only 1.7%,the multiple-seeding index was 3.5%,and the qualified index was 94.8%under this optimal combination.The miss-seeding index of the metering device was reduced by 75%,and both the multiple-seeding index and the qualified index were improved significantly,compared with the 6.9%miss-seeding index of the conventional elevating type seed metering device.This device can be expected to achieve a reduction in the miss-seeding index and an improvement in the qualified-seeding index of sugarcane.This finding can lead to promoting accurate planting and high yield in sugarcane planting.