江苏省城镇化与生态环境耦合测度及空间冲突诊断

Coupling measurement and spatial conflict diagnosis between urbanization and ecological environment in Jiangsu Province of China

随着新型城镇化战略的实施和生态文明建设的推进,探索城镇化与生态环境的关系并提出协调发展建议十分必要。该研究以江苏省为例,一方面从指标数值视角构建评价体系,测算2000—2020年城镇化与生态环境的耦合协调度,另一方面从空间格局视角构建空间冲突指数,诊断2000—2020年城镇建设用地与生态环境保护重要性的空间冲突。结果表明:1)江苏省城镇化和生态环境水平均提升,苏南整体属于“高度协调—生态环境滞后”类型,苏中和苏北徐州属于“中/高度协调—城镇化滞后”类型,苏北整体属于“基本协调/失调—城镇化滞后/阻碍”类型。2)江苏省城镇建设用地扩张幅度达203.65%,生态环境保护等级高的区域分布在洪泽湖、太湖等水体、低洼平原以及低丘陵地区。空间冲突强度值先下降后上升,并呈现西部大于东部、北部大于南部的空间特征。3)苏南应针对生态短板指标,提升生态环境水平,空间冲突显著的市域应严格规范建设用地扩张。苏中和苏北的城镇化水平仍有待提高,空间冲突显著的市域应合理引导建设用地扩张方向,加强空间管控。该研究融合指标数值和空间格局双重视角的研究结果可以为江苏省及相似区域的城镇化与生态环境协调发展提供参考和决策依据。

Rapid urbanization has promoted the socio-economic development in recent years.However,a series of issue has also triggered to hinder the improvement of urbanization development quality,such as the shortage of cultivated land resources,the escalation of spatial conflicts,the deterioration of ecological environment,and the reduction of ecological service functions.A great challenge has posed on the regional sustainable development.It is a high demand to explore the relationship between urbanization and ecological environment,particularly with the national development strategy of new urbanization and ecological civilization construction.Some suggestions are of great significance for the coordinated development in the regional high-quality development.Taking Jiangsu Province of China as an example,this study aims to firstly construct the evaluation systems of urbanization and ecological environment from the perspective of the index value.The specific level and coupling coordination degree of urbanization and ecological environment were calculated from 2000 to 2020.Then,a systematic analysis was performed on the expansion of urban construction land and the importance of ecological environment protection from the perspective of spatial pattern.The spatial conflict index was finally determined to clarify the spatial layout conflict between urban construction land and the importance of ecological environment protection.The results show that:1)The specific level of comprehensive urbanization and ecological environment was improved significantly after numerical coupling calculation.The urbanization level showed the spatial distribution characteristics of“high in the south and low in the north”.By contrast,there was no aggregation in the spatial distribution of ecological environment.Furthermore,the coupling and coordination between urbanization and ecological environment were presented with a spatial distribution pattern of“high in the south and low in the north”.Specifically,Southern Jiangsu was belonged to the type of“high coordination-lagging ecological environment”,Central Jiangsu and Xuzhou with the type of“medium/high coordination-lagging urbanization”,and Northern Jiangsu was the type of“basic coordination/imbalance-lagging/hindering urbanization”.2)Spatial conflict diagnosis showed that the expansion range of urban construction land reached 203.65%,with the largest expansion intensity in Suzhou and the smallest in Yancheng.The importance of ecological environment protection was mainly at lower and medium levels.The areas with the high importance of ecological protection were concentrated in Hongze Lake,Taihu Lake,and other water bodies,low-lying plains and low hilly areas.The intensity of spatial conflicts showed a trend of first decreasing and then increasing,with an average value increasing from 0.154 to 0.160.Therefore,the spatial characteristics of the west were greater than those of the east,while the north was greater than the south.3)Some suggestions were proposed for the coordinated regional development.Southern Jiangsu should improve the level of ecological environment,according to the short board indicators,such as the industrial emission and domestic pollution.The expansion of construction land should be strictly standardized in Nanjing and Zhenjiang,due to the significant spatial conflict.The level of urbanization in the Central and Northern Jiangsu was still needed to be improved.Among them,the significant spatial conflict was found in Yangzhou,Taizhou,Xuzhou,Lianyungang,and Suqian.The expansion direction of construction land should be reasonably guided to strictly delimit three zones and three lines,in order to strengthen the space control,and steadily promote the moderate expansion of construction land.The findings can provide the quantitative reference and decision-making basis for the coordinated development of urbanization and ecological environment in Jiangsu Province.The research gap was fully filled in the relationship between urbanization and ecological environment from the index level.The dual perspectives of index value and spatial pattern were also integrated for the differentiated and coordinated development strategies with the provincial situation.