海洋环境保护法视角下入海排污口造成的陆源污染监管法律研究

A Legal Study on Land-based Pollution Caused by Discharge Outlets into the Sea on the Basis of Marine Environmental Protection Law

随着海洋生态环境治理工作的推进,入海排污口造成的陆源污染问题逐渐成为制约海洋生态环境治理体系和治理能力现代化的重要因素。文章从我国入海排污口的现状出发,分析入海排污口对海洋生态环境的影响和治理入海排污口的必要性;法律作为社会治理的有效手段和工具,从法律视角研究我国治理入海排污口的改进措施。在入海排污口治理的相关立法中,《中华人民共和国海洋环境保护法》是减少海洋污染、保护海洋生态环境的专门法律,以该法为依托,从法律角度思考入海排污口造成的污染问题,研究备案制度在入海排污口治理中的可行性与运行的不足之处,分析现存的排污总量控制制度对入海排污口的管理现状,聚焦现有法律制度对入海排污口造成的入海污染物排放的监管局限。进而从完善入海排污口管理的具体细化立法,改进监管体系漏洞、促进监管体系全面性,以及提高公众对海洋环境污染防治的参与度等角度提出相应的法律建议。

With the improvement of marine ecological environment,land-based pollution caused by marine outfall has gradually become an important factor restricting the modernization of marine ecological environment governance system and capability.Based on the current situation of China′s sewage outlets into the sea,this paper analyzed the impact of sewage outlets into the sea on the marine ecological environment and the necessity of controlling sewage outlets into the sea.As an effective means and tool of social governance,the law studied the improvement measures of China′s sewage outlets into the sea from a legal perspective.Among the relevant legislation for the control of the discharge outlets into the sea,the Law of the People′s Republic of China on Maritime Environmental Protection is a special law for the reduction of marine pollution and the protection of the marine ecological environment.Based on this law,this paper considered the pollution problem caused by the discharge outlet into the sea from the legal angle,and studied the feasibility and the insufficiency of the operation of the record system in the treatment of the discharge outlet into the sea in China,analyzed the current management situation of the existing total emission control system on the discharge outlets into the sea,and focused on the regulatory limitations of the existing legal system on the discharge of pollutants into the sea caused by the discharge outlets into the sea.This paper put forward the corresponding legal suggestions from these aspects:perfecting the detailed legislation of the management of the discharge outlet into the sea,improving the loopholes of the supervision system,promoting the comprehensiveness of the supervision system,and increasing the participation of the public in the prevention and control of the pollution of the marine environment.