除草剂高效氟吡甲禾灵对4种海洋生物的急性毒性效应

Acute Toxicity Effect of Haloxyfop-R-Methyl on 4 Marine Organisms

高效氟吡甲禾灵(HPME)为禾本科植物选择性除草剂,对海岸带入侵生物互花米草(Spartina alterniflora)有针对性去除效果。为评估HPME在互花米草治理过程中对海洋生物的安全风险,文章采用静水生物试验法开展HPME对4种常见海洋生物的急性毒性试验。结果显示,当水温为18.0±1.0℃时,在HPME的胁迫下,4种受试生物均表现出肌肉松弛、运动能力下降、反应迟钝的现象,且随着胁迫时间的延长,受试生物的死亡率逐步上升,表明HPME对这些海洋生物具有神经毒性,且有累积毒性效应;HPME对四角蛤蜊(Mactra veneriformis)、刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)幼体、半滑舌鳎(Cynoglossus semilaevis)鱼苗、琵琶拟沼螺(Assiminea.lutea)的96 h半数致死浓度(LC_(50))分别为0.888 mg/L、1.382 mg/L、0.656 mg/L、8.674 mg/L,安全浓度(SC)分别为0.0888 mg/L、0.1382 mg/L、0.0656 mg/L、0.8674 mg/L;根据化学农药环境安全评价试验准则,HPME对半滑舌鳎鱼苗和四角蛤蜊的毒性等级为高毒,对刺参幼体、琵琶拟沼螺的毒性等级为中毒。研究结果可为HPME在互花米草防治中的应用提供参考依据。

Haloxyfop-R-methyl(HPME)is a selective herbicide for gramineous plants and has a removal effect on the coastal invasive organism Spartina alterniflora.In order to assess the risks of HPME on marine organisms in the governance process of Spartina alterniflora,this paper used the static-test method to evaluate the acute toxicity of HPME on four marine organisms.The results showed that four test organisms all showed muscle relaxation,decreased exercise capacity,and slow response under HPME exposure.As the test time prolonged,the mortality rate gradually increased,indicating that HPME had neurotoxicity and cumulative toxic effect on marine organisms.The 96 h median lethal concentration(LC_(50))of HPME for Mactra veneriformis、Apostichopus japonicus larvae、Cynoglossus semilaevis fry and Assiminea.luteawere were 0.888 mg/L,1.382 mg/L、0.656 mg/L and 8.674 mg/L,respectively.The safe concentrations(SC)were 0.0888 mg/L,0.1382 mg/L,0.0656 mg/L and 0.8674 mg/L.According to the environmental safety assessment test guidelines for chemical pesticides,HPME was highly toxic to Cynoglossus semilaevis fry and Mactra veneriformis,and was moderately toxic to Apostichopus japonicus larvae and Assiminea.lutea.The results provided a reference for HPME in the elimination of Spartina alterniflora.