大型立式钢制石油储罐优化设计研究

Research on Optimization Design of Large Vertical Steel Storage Tanks

大型立式钢制焊接石油储罐为典型的薄壳结构,底板与壁板连接的大角焊缝处应力最大,在储罐结构中属于薄弱环节。研究储罐大角焊缝处应力的分布规律,优化储罐的结构设计,对提高其运行安全具有重要意义。采用有限元数值模拟方法,考虑储罐材料、几何结构、接触关系等因素,建立10×10^(4) m^(3)外浮顶石油储罐的3-D模型。采用电阻应变测量技术对现场储罐进行应力测试,验证数值模型的准确性。基于有限元数值模拟,研究边缘板厚度、外边缘板宽度、钢筋混凝土环墙宽度3个关键参数对大角焊缝处应力的影响规律,提出边缘板和环墙尺寸的设计准则,给出10×10^(4) m^(3)储罐优化后的设计尺寸,为大型储罐的设计提供指导,保障储罐结构安全。

The large vertical steel welded oil storage tank has a typical thin shell structure,and the large fillet weld connecting the bottom plate and the wall plate withstands the greatest stress,which is a weak link in the storage tank structure.It is of great significance to study the stress distribution in the large fillet weld of storage tank and optimize the structural design of storage tank for improving its operation safety.A 3-D model of 10×10^(4) m^(3) external floating roof oil storage tank was established by using finite element numerical simulation method,considering tank materials,geometric structure and contact relationship.The resistance strain measurement technique was used to test the stress of the field storage tank,and the accuracy of the numerical model was verified.Based on the finite element numerical simulation,the influences of three key parameters,the thickness of the edge plate,the width of the outer edge plate and the width of the reinforced concrete ring wall,on the stress at the large fillet weld were studied.The design criteria of the edge plate and the ring wall size were proposed,and the optimized design size of the 10×10^(4) m^(3) storage tank was given to provide guidance for the design of large storage tanks and ensure the structural safety of the storage tank.