科普宁:苏联科学认识论和科学逻辑的拓荒者

P.V.Kopnin:The Pioneer of Soviet Epistemology of Science and Logic of Science

2022年是苏联著名科学哲学家科普宁诞辰100周年。科普宁是马克思主义传统的科学哲学家和逻辑学家,科学哲学“基辅学派”的创始人,他关于科学认识论和科学逻辑的研究成为苏联哲学中最富有创造性的成果之一。科普宁是坚定的认识论主义者,反对哲学是关于“整个世界”的科学;他促进了苏联科学哲学从本体论向认识论的转向,指出科学研究就是科学认识的过程,即感性与理性、经验与理论、知性与理性的辩证统一;他坚持辩证法、逻辑和认识论“三者一致”的思想,创造性地提出了“科学研究的逻辑”和“观念”的范畴,与波普尔的“科学发现的逻辑”和库恩的“范式”概念相得益彰。在任何艰险的环境之下始终坚持独立思考而不是随波逐流,是科普宁留给我们最宝贵的哲学遗产。

2022 is the 100th anniversary of the birth of the famous Soviet philosopher of science P.V.Kopnin.He is a philosopher of science and logician with Marxism tradition and the founder of the‘Kiev School'of philosophy of science.His research on epistemology of science and logic of science has become one of the most creative achievements in Soviet philosophy.P.V.Kopnin is a firm epistemologist and he opposed philosophy as a science about the whole world.He promoted the diversion of Soviet philosophy of science from ontology to epistemology and pointed out that scientific research is the process of scientific cognition,namely thedialectical unity of sensibility andrationality,experience and theoryintellectuality and rationality.Heinsisted on the idea of"the unity of dialectic,logic and epistemology"and creatively put forward the category of"logic of scientific research"and"idea",complementing Popper's"logic of scientific discovery"and Kuhn's"paradigm".It is the most precious philosophical heritage that P.V.Kopnin left us to always insist on independent thinking rather than drifting with the current in any difficult and dangerous environment.