我国高校分类管理的源流、实践与省思

Classified Management of Colleges and Universities in China:Source,Practice,and Reflection

对我国高校分类管理中几种典型的分类法进行溯源发现:我国按照高校的学科门类、隶属行政部门、是否为重点大学等维度所作的院校类型划分,属于中央政府依靠行政力量在特定历史时期基于国家宏观管理与发展需要形成的事实性分类。这些分类具有维度单一、层级色彩较强、类别划分不足、分类与资源叠加等特点,导致高校办学的趋同化。在我国现今的高校分类管理实践中,部分地方政府在国家相关政策的引导与推动下,探索了区域性的高校分类体系与分类管理办法。但是由于缺乏具体的支持举措,我国高校分类管理的实施效果并不佳。未来要使我国高校分类管理真正落实,一是突出分类、弱化层级,二是科学分类、明确标准,三是政府引导、高校选择,四是差异配置、分类评价。

Tracing the several typical classifications in the classified management of colleges and universities in China,we find that the classifications according to the disciplines,administrative departments,whether they are key universities and other dimensions belong to the factual classifications caused by the central government relying on administrative power in a specific historical period based on the purpose of national macro-management and development.These classifications have the characteristics of a single dimension,strong hierarchy,insufficient category division,and superposition of classification and resources,which lead to the homogenization of colleges and universities.In the current practice of classified management of colleges and universities in China,some local governments have introduced classified systems and management methods under the guidance and promotion of relevant national policies.However,due to the lack of specific support measures,the implementation of the classified management of colleges and universities in China is not good.In the future,if we want to thoroughly implement the classified management of colleges and universities in China,we should:first,highlight the classification and weaken the hierarchy;second,enact scientific classification and confirm clear standards;third,impose governmental guidance and grant universities independence to select;and fourth,allocate difference and evaluate according to categories.