国家所有制中的集体性产权:形成、特征与优化

Collective Property Rights in State Ownership:Formation,Characteristics and Optimization

改革开放以来,经过国家所有制内部产权结构的调整,我国国有企业逐步转变为拥有国家赋予自主经营权利、承担应尽责任、获得相应局部经济利益的产权主体。由此,在原来产权高度集中的国家所有制内部,就形成了一种过去没有的、由企业分别拥有和实施的财产权利。它存在于国家所有制之中,且不同于集体所有制之类的独立所有制形式,但不同国有企业作为一个集体在拥有份额上各有不同。国有企业内部形成的有集体差别的这种财产权利,可以称为国家所有制中的集体性产权。这种产权的存在没有改变企业全民所有的基本属性,其形成和运作过程具有附着性、有限性、排他性、可分解性、行为性和可变动性等特征。这种集体性产权的形成与发展对国有企业改革成效和国有企业全民属性发挥的影响利弊共存,必须在充分发挥其积极作用的同时防止其过度扩大。因此,要以习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想为引领,深化国有企业改革,规范集体性产权关系中基本当事人的行为,以坚守企业全民所有制属性为底线,把握好集体性产权的合理界限。

Over the past four decades,China’s state-owned enterprises(SOEs)have undergone a transformation within the state ownership system.Previously,SOEs were mere appendages of administrative institutions,lacking rights,benefits,and responsibilities.However,through adjustments in the property rights structure,they have gradually evolved into entities with independent operating rights,assuming responsibilities and reaping partial economic benefits.This has created a distinct property right within the state ownership system,owned and exercised separately by the enterprises themselves.It exists within state ownership,in contrast to independent forms of ownership such as collective ownership,but the share of ownership can vary among different SOEs as a collective.Such property rights,which are collectively distinct within SOEs,can be referred to as collective property rights within state ownership.The existence of such collective property rights does not alter the fundamental attributes of universal ownership of the enterprises.However,the process of their formation and operation is characterized by attachment,finiteness,exclusivity,decomposability,behavior and changeability.The establishment and development of these collective property rights affects the effectiveness of SOE reforms and the realization of the attributes of SOEs for the benefit of all.It is crucial to prevent their excessive expansion while fully harnessing their positive role.Guided by Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era,it is necessary to deepen SOE reforms,regulate the behavior of the key parties involved in collective property rights relations,and establish reasonable limits for collective property rights while upholding the attributes of universal ownership as the bottom line.