基于“动力—能力”分析框架的企业基础研究模式演化研究

An Evolution Study of Enterprise Basic Research Model Based on the Framework of Motivation and Capability

党的二十大强调,要“加强基础研究,突出原创,鼓励自由探索”,同时对强化企业科技创新主体地位作出明确部署。作为科技创新的主体,企业在基础研究领域发挥着日益重要的作用。鼓励企业开展基础研究已成为当前的一项重要工作。然而,目前我国尚未探索出企业开展基础研究的有效模式。鉴于此,以巴斯德象限模型和新巴斯德象限模型为理论基础,聚焦研发活动的主体(企业)开展研究(应用基础研究)的起因,构建企业基础研究的“动力—能力”分析框架,探究企业基础研究的不同模式,并进一步揭示其演化规律。研究发现:第一,企业基础研究模式受到企业基础研究动力和能力的双重影响;第二,发达国家企业基础研究经历了聘请科学顾问、建立企业实验室、政府支持以及合同外包等4个重要阶段;第三,现阶段我国通过建立企业实验室、政府支持、合同外包、慈善捐赠等多种模式,共同推进企业基础研究。研究结论为政府制定引导企业加强基础研究、实现企业研发活动高质量发展等政策提供了参考借鉴。

The 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China stressed the need to strengthen basic research,highlight original creation,and encourage free exploration',while making clear arrangements for strengthening the dominant position of enterprises in scientific and technological innovation.As the main body of scientific and technological innovation,enterprises play an increasingly important role in the field of basic research.Basic research is an important part of scientific and technological innovation,which lays a solid theoretical background and experimental foundation for enterprise innovation and development.In today's increasingly fierce global scientific and technological competition environment,it has become an important task to encourage enterprises to actively carry out basic research.However,China has not yet fully explored an effective mode of basic research.In view of this,this paper takes the Pasteur quadrant model and the new Pasteur Quadrant model as the theoretical basis,focuses on the causes of research(applied basic research)carried out by the main body of R&D activities(enterprises),and builds the"power-capability"analysis framework of enterprise basic research.Through this analysis framework,we can deeply understand and explore different models of enterprise basic research,and further reveal the evolution law of enterprise basic research model,so as to provide reference for the government to formulate policies to guide enterprises to strengthen basic research and achieve high-quality development of enterprise R&D activities.The findings are as follows:First,the enterprise basic research model is influenced by the enterprise basic research motivation and ability.If enterprises lack the motivation and ability of basic research,they will not carry out basic research;With the premise of basic research motivation,enterprises often choose the right model to carry out basic research according to their own capabilities.Second,the basic research of enterprises in developed countries has experienced four important stages:scientific consulting,enterprise laboratory,government support and contract out sourcing.Based on the dynamic dimension of basic research,developed countries pay special attention to innovation research and investment basic research in the process of basic research development mode.Based on the dimension of basic research capability,enterprises in developed countries attach importance to improving research and development efficiency,emphasizing collaborative innovation and emphasizing the protection of intellectual property rights of independent research and development.Third,at the present stage,China promotes basic research of enterprises through enterprise laboratories,government support,contract outsourcing,charitable donations and other modes.In the evolution of enterprise basic research model in China,the driving force of basic research has gradually changed from government guidance to market driving.Basic research ability has gradually changed from technology development and application to core technology innovation.Finally,the paper puts forward some targeted policy suggestions.In short,the cooperation between government and enterprise will help China maintain its competitiveness in the global scientific and technological competition and achieve more scientific and technological breakthroughs,so as to jointly achieve the goal of scientific and technological innovation and high-quality development.