新冠疫情初期青年人对“武汉人”和“西安人”的外显和内隐态度

Explicit and Implicit Attitudes of Young People Toward“Wuhan People”and“Xi'an People”after the COVID-19 Outbreak

武汉成为新冠疫情的重灾区后,全国其他地区的人们对武汉人产生了深切的同情和关心,但出于对疾病的恐惧,也对武汉人产生了歧视和排斥。本文以对西安人的态度为对照,分别用问卷和内隐联想测验方法,探查武汉“封城”解禁后大学生和职场青年对武汉人的外显态度和内隐态度。结果显示:(1)在外显情感态度上,两个青年群体对武汉人和西安人没有显著性的偏好,且不存在显著群体间差异。(2)在外显认知态度上,大学生显著性地认为武汉人比西安人更危险,而职场青年在危险认知上持中立态度;两个青年群体均认为武汉人比西安人更值得同情,且没有群体间差异。(3)在内隐态度上,大学生和职场青年均显著性地认为武汉人很危险和值得同情,且两个青年群体间不存在显著性差异。研究结果反映了大规模公共卫生事件爆发后群际间的消极和积极态度。

After Wuhan became the hardest hit area of COVID-19,people in other parts of the country showed deep sympathy and concern to Wuhan people,but also discrimination and repulsion out of the fear of the disease.Taking Xi’an people’s attitudes as a contrast,we used questionnaires and implicit association test to examine the explicit and implicit attitudes of college students and young professionals toward Wuhan people after the lockdown of the city ended.The results showed that(1)Regarding the explicit emotional attitudes,the two youth groups showed no significant preference toward people from Wuhan or Xi’an,and there was no significant difference between groups.(2)In terms of explicit cognitive attitudes,college students were significantly more likely to think that people from Wuhan were more dangerous than people from Xi’an,while young professionals held neutral attitudes.Both youth groups thought that Wuhan people deserved more sympathy than Xi’an people,and there was no difference between groups.(3)In terms of implicit attitudes,both college students and young professionals significantly thought people in Wuhan were dangerous and worthy of sympathy,and there was no significant difference between groups.These findings reflected negative and positive intergroup attitudes after large-scale public health events.