“我们”与“他们”谁更同质?群际关系的感知内/外群体变异性新视角

Are“We”or“They”the Same?A New Perspective on Perceived In/Out-Group Variability in Intergroup Relationships

感知群体变异性研究表明“外群体同质性效应”的普遍存在,导致了内群体偏爱和对外群体的刻板印象、偏见和歧视。但在不同的群体地位和规模、客观群体特征、群际接触与身份威胁下,这种效应会改变,甚至出现“内群体同质性效应”。研究者主要从社会动机和认知加工两方面对其做出理论解释。进一步以感知群体变异性为视角综合考虑不同的影响因素对群际关系的作用,从而为降低群际冲突和群际歧视提供新的研究证据和方法,这将成为未来研究的重要方向。

Extensive researches suggest that people generally tend to exhibit the out-group homogeneity effects(OHE).To some extent,this will result in the ingroup favoritism and the stereotype,prejudice and discrimination of the outgroup.However,under different group status and size,objective group characteristics,intergroup contact and identity threat,this effect will change and even show the in-group homogeneity effects(IHE).The researchers mainly explain it from two aspects social motivation and cognitive processing.It is important for future research to further explore the effects of different influencing factors on intergroup relations from the perspective of perceived group variability,so as to provide new research evidence and methods for reducing intergroup conflict and discrimination.