怀来盆地西沟湾1号地点原料和剥片技术分析

Technical analysis of raw materials and stripping at location 1, Xigouwan site in Huailai Basin

作为广义泥河湾盆地的重要组成部分,怀来盆地也是更新世期间古人类迁徙扩散以及技术发展和演变的重要地区。新近发现和发掘的西沟湾1号旧石器地点埋藏于永定河右岸第二级阶地后缘,是怀来盆地内一处重要的旧石器时代晚期地点,2015年的试掘工作揭露面积约27m^(2),出土232件石质标本和19件动物化石。本文以西沟湾1号地点的石制品材料为基础,主要从原料开发利用策略和石核剥片策略两个方面进行石制品的分析。西沟湾1号地点的原料主要为火山岩类的粗面岩,对比分析显示其主要来自阶地底部的砂砾石层中;石核类型、剥片面的数量以及台面角的统计均显示出较高的石核原料利用率。石核和石片的相关特征以及石锤的发现均显示该地点古人类采用硬锤锤击法进行剥片,石核剥片多采用无特定规律的转向方式,无剥片前的预制过程;石片形态多不规则,以宽薄型为主,石片类型和背疤特征均显示剥片的连续性。石制品的类型和技术特征显示其总体属于简单石核-石片技术体系。

As an important part of the generalized Nihewan Basin,the Huailai Basin was an important area where ancient human migrated and spread and their technologies could be developed during the Pleistocene.The newly discovered Paleolithic remains,which belong to an important site in the late Paleolithic age in Huailai Basin,are mainly buried in the second terrace of the right bank of the Yongding River.It was excavated in 2015 and exposed an area of 27m^(2),and 232 stone artifacts and 19 mammalian fossils were unearthed.Based on the lithic assemblage of XGW1,this paper mainly analyzes the stone artifacts from two aspects:the development and utilization of raw materials and the stripping strategy of cores.Raw materials here in XGW1 for stone knapping are mainly trachyte from volcanic rocks.Comparative analysis shows that they mainly come from the sand-stone layer at the bottom of the terrace.The high utilization rate of core raw materials is shown in the types of cores,the amount of stripping sides and platform angle.The discovery of cores,flakes and hammerstones show that ancient humans here used hard hammer to strip.The cores stripping mostly adopts the steering mode without specific rules,and there is no prefabrication process before stripping.The shapes of flakes are mostly irregular,mainly wide and thin.The types of flakes and the characteristics of dorsal scars both show the continuity of stripping.The types and technical characteristics of stone artifacts show that they belong to a simple core-flake technological system.