北魏司马金龙墓出土釉陶俑的分析研究

Analysis and study of glazed pottery figurines unearthed from Sima Jinlong’s tomb of Northern Wei

为探究北魏司马金龙墓出土釉陶俑的材料特征、制作工艺,采用超景深三维显微系统、扫描电镜—能谱分析仪(SEM-EDS)对不同颜色釉陶俑残片的胎体、釉层、胎釉结合层及断面进行微观形貌分析、成分分析。结果表明,这批釉陶俑是低温铅釉陶,胎土富含铁,是以北方典型的易熔粘土作胎,胎、釉系一次性入窑在氧化气氛中烧造而成,釉面的颜色有以Fe为着色剂的红褐釉、黄褐釉、浅黄绿釉和以Cu为着色剂的绿釉,浅黄绿釉表面局部绿釉的出现与釉料不纯且含有一定量的Cu有关,在此基础上对北魏平城时期铅釉陶及复色釉陶制作技术的传承和发展做了探讨。

Aiming to explore the material characteristics and manufacturing technologys of the glazed pottery figurines unearthed from the Sima Jinlong’s tomb of the Northern Wei,the microscopic morphology and composition of the body,glaze layer,tire-glaze bonding layer and cross-section of the glazed pottery figurines with different colors were analyzed by three-dimensional microscopic system with super depth of field and a scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive analyzer(SEM-EDS).The results show that these pottery figures are low-temperature lead-glazed,the clay consists of more iron,and the typical fusible clay in northern China is used as the raw material of its body.The body and glaze layer were fired one-time in kiln under an oxidizing atmosphere.The glaze colors include red-brown glaze,yellow-brown glaze,light yellow-green glaze with Fe as the colorant and green glaze with Cu as the colorant,the appearance of local green glaze on the surface of light yellow-green glaze is related to the impure material of glaze and containing a certain amount of Cu.The inheritance and development of lead glazed pottery and multicolor glazed pottery in Pingcheng period of Northern Wei are discussed based on this conclusion.