理工类高校人文社会科学大类培养的挑战与对策——以B大学为例

Challenges of Large Category Cultivating of Humanities and Social Sciences in Science and Engineering Universities and Its Countermeasures:Taking University B as an Example

人文社会科学在高校人才培养体系中发挥着重要作用。文章运用问卷调查法及访谈法对B大学人文社会科学大类培养实践进行案例研究,发现当前存在的问题主要包括:大类专业设置泛化,分流难以匹配学生志趣;课程方案不够合理,成效无法满足现实需要;主管学院压力较大,管理未能形成组织认同;个别学生迷茫焦虑情绪蔓延,容易诱发心理问题等。为解决相关问题,文章提出四项实践对策:以顶层设计为引领,打造全面有序的大类布局;以发掘志趣为核心,科学引导学生分流;以平等尊重为旨归,实行自由开放的人本管理;以学科融合为导向,构建多元特色的课程体系。

Humanities and social sciences plays a vital role in talent developing system of universities.In this study,questionnaire surveys and interviews have been applied to conduct a case study on the practice of large category cultivating of humanities and social sciences at University B.Several key issues have been identified,including:overgeneralized setting of large categories which has brought difficulty to align with students'interests;insufficiently reasonable curriculum construction that fails to meet students'real needs;heavy administrative pressures,making it fail to form an organizational identity;prevalence of confusion and anxiety among few students,which is prone to inducing psychological issues.To address them,four practical strategies have been proposed:to establish a comprehensive and orderly layout of large categories lead by top-level design;to prioritize the discovery of students'interests for their scientific choice of their majors;to implement a flexible and open human-centered management approach with the aim of equality and respect;to promote interdisciplinary integration to construct a distinctive and comprehensive curriculum system.