导航卫星姿态和光压模型研究进展

Research Progress of Attitude and Solar Radiation Pressure Model for Navigation Satellites

不同导航系统中卫星的形状、材料、轨道设计和姿态控制模式等都不相同,在进行多系统数据联合处理时,要获得高精度的卫星轨道,需要区别对待不同类型卫星的姿态模型和光压模型。作为导航卫星所受量级最大的非保守力,国内外许多研究是围绕光压模型的建立与精化等方面来开展,以便建立最合适的模型,从而获取更高的定轨精度。目前的研究表明,新的Galileo以及北斗卫星采用与之前不同的姿态控制模式,适用的光压模型也不同。总结了目前比较通用的导航卫星姿态模型,尤其是官方最新公布的北斗卫星的姿态模型,详细介绍了卫星光压模型研究进展和近几年来新发射卫星光压模型以及其先验模型的构建方法,并分析了各个模型的优缺点和适应性。通过对目前导航卫星姿态以及光压模型的分析,提出在更高精度的定轨任务中有待改进的问题,为导航卫星尤其是新发射导航卫星精密定轨中的光压和姿态模型的选择和建立提供参考。

The shape,material,orbit design,and attitude control model are different for satellites of different navigation systems.In order to obtain high-precision satellite orbits,different types of satellites need to be processed differently in terms of satellite attitude control mode and solar pressure model.In order to establish the best model to obtain higher orbit determination accuracy,there have been a lot of works focused on the establishment and refinement of the solar pressure model and attitude control mode of navigation satellites because solar pressure is the largest nonconservative force.Recent research shows that the new Galileo and Beidou satellites have adopted different attitude control modes and solar radiation pressure models.This paper summarizes the general attitude models of navigation satellites,especially the attitude model of Beidou satellite,which is officially published recently.The research progress of the solar radiation pressure model is introduced and the advantages and disadvantages of each model and their adaptability are analyzed.Through the analysis of the current attitude and solar radiation pressure models,the needed improvement in higher precision orbit determination is proposed.This paper provides a reference for the selection and establishment of solar radiation pressure and attitude models in the precision orbit determination of navigation satellites,especially for newly launched satellites.