饲用枯草芽孢杆菌抑菌性能的研究进展

Advancement on Antibacterial Properties of Probiotic Bacillus subtilis

文章综述枯草芽孢杆菌在体内、体外的抑菌性能,旨在保障枯草芽孢杆菌的饲用效果,重点总结3方面:其一,枯草芽孢杆菌抑菌性能评估方法;其二,枯草芽孢杆菌的体外抑菌作用(牛津杯法体外抑菌试验评估);其三,饲用枯草芽孢杆菌对畜禽肠道菌群的调控效果(体内抑菌试验评估)。体外试验文献显示,枯草芽孢杆菌对肠道有害菌和饲料源有害菌的抑菌报道较多,对肠道有益菌和其他商业益生菌的抑制研究很少,且不同菌株的抑菌性能差异较大,这与饲用枯草芽孢杆菌对畜禽肠道有益菌及个别有害菌调控出现差异化结果相符。文章建议完善枯草芽孢杆菌体外抑菌评估的体系,这有助于筛选安全的菌株及高效地研制单一和复合饲用枯草芽孢杆菌制剂。

The in vitro and in vivo antibacterial properties of probiotic Bacillus subtilis were re⁃viewed in order to ensure the application of probi⁃otic Bacillus subtilis.This paper focused on three aspects as followings:①evaluation method of an⁃tibacterial properties of Bacillus subtilis;②in vi⁃tro bacteriostatic evaluation of Bacillus subtilis(ox⁃ford cup test);③bacteriostatic regulation of dietary Bacillus subtilis supplementation on animal intestinal microflora(in vivo bacteriostatic test).In vitro bacteriostasis of Bacillus subtilis on animal intestinal harmful bacteria and feed source harmful bacteria was intensively reported,while the inhibition of Bacillus subtilis on animal intestinal beneficial bacteria or other commercial feed probiotics were little known.Moreover,the in vitro antibacterial activities of var⁃ious strains of Bacillus subtilis were greatly different.The above characteristics were also reflected in the evaluation of in vivo bacteriostasis tests.Especially,the regulation of Bacillus subtilis additive on animal intestinal beneficial bacteria and individual intestinal harmful bacteria were acutely differentiated.In con⁃clusion,this review suggested the improvement of in vitro bacteriostatic evaluation system on probiotic Bacillus subtilis was facilitated to screen the safe strains and further efficiently develop single or com⁃pound Bacillus subtilis feed additives.