安全规范传播视角下美日同盟的演进

The Evolution of US-Japan Alliance in the Perspective of Diffusion of Security Norms

二战结束后,美国与日本签订了《旧金山和约》与《美日安保条约》,构建起“旧金山体制”,美日同盟关系由此确立。“旧金山体制”凸显了冷战思维,日本以不对等的身份参与了美国亚太地区的安全规范构建。冷战后期,美日同盟发生了根本性转变,其同盟性质更加显著,日本的自主性不断增强。苏联解体后,美日同盟的最大挑战不复存在,但恐怖主义威胁、朝鲜核问题、中国军力增长等成为美日同盟面临的新挑战。安倍二次上台后,先后提出“自由与繁荣的印太”与“自由与开放的印太”概念,日本逐步形成自己的“印太构想”。与此同时,美国也从奥巴马时期的“亚太再平衡”战略转向更为广泛的“印太战略”。在此背景下,美日同盟进一步强化,日本正在逐步摆脱战后的种种束缚,深化同澳大利亚、印度等国的关系,由此形成了美国主导下的印太地区多边体系,其针对中国的意图更为明确。

After the end of World War II,the US signed the Treaty of San Francisco and the Treaty of Mutu⁃al Cooperation and Security to establish the“San Francisco System”and the US-Japan alliance.The“San Francisco System”reflected the Cold War mentality,and Japan participated in the construction of US secu⁃rity norms in the Asia-Pacific region in a non-reciprocal manner.In the latter part of the Cold War,the US-Japan alliance underwent a fundamental transformation,with the nature of the alliance becoming more pro⁃nounced and Japan’s autonomy increasing.After the collapse of the Soviet Union,the greatest challenges to the US-Japan alliance disappeard,but the threat of terrorism,the North Korean nuclear issue,and the growth of China’s military power became new challenges to the US-Japan alliance.After Abe came to pow⁃er for the second time,he had successively put forward the concepts of“Free and Prosperous Indo-Pacific”and“Free and Open Indo-Pacific”,and Japan gradually formed its own Indo-Pacific concept.At the same time,the United States has also shifted from the“Pivot to Asia”strategy to a broader“Indo-Pacific Strate⁃gy”.In this context,the US-Japan alliance has been further strengthened,and Japan has been gradually freeing itself from the post-war shackles and deepening relations with Australia,India and other countries,thus forming a US-led multilateral system in the Indo-Pacific region,with a clearer intention to target Chi⁃na.