基于遥感的黄河三角洲湿地时空变化特征及驱动因素研究

Study on Spatio-temporal Characteristics and Driving Factors of Yellow River Delta Wetland Based on Remote Sensing

为适应黄河三角洲湿地快速频繁变化的特点并提高数据解释力度,为黄河三角洲科学规划和管理保护提供必要参考,基于Landsat影像密集观测1986—2021年15个时期的黄河三角洲湿地,研究湿地时空变化,定量分析驱动因素。结果表明:(1)黄河三角洲湿地存在波动变化和阶段性特征,自然湿地减少1579.07 km^(2),滩涂和草甸灌丛损失率均超过60%;人工湿地面积增加了1210.67 km^(2)。(2)农田、建设用地和人工湿地扩张与自然湿地萎缩显著相关,相关系数分别为-0.682、-0.963、-0.976;2009年后因退耕还湿,开垦的影响减弱。(3)输沙量与自然湿地面积相关系数为0.614,在水文因素中起主导作用;1993年以前河口泥沙淤积效应强于海洋侵蚀作用,随后反转。(4)气温升高和干旱事件加剧了湿地损失。

In order to adapt to the characteristics of rapid and frequent changes of the Yellow River Delta wetland,improve the strength of data interpretation,and provide necessary references for the scientific planning,management and protection of the Yellow River Delta,the temporal and spatial changes of wetland were studied from the perspective of intensive observation and the driving factors were quantitatively analyzed based on the Landsat image intensive observation of the Yellow River Delta wetland in 15 periods from 1986 to 2021,The results show that:(1)the Yellow River Delta wetland has the characteristics of fluctuation and stage change,the natural wetland reduces 1579.07 km^(2),the loss rate of mudflat and meadow shrubs is more than 60%,while the area of artificial wetland increases by 1210.67 km^(2);(2)the expansion of farmland,construction land and constructed wetland is significantly correlated with the shrinkage of natural wetland,with the correlation coefficients of-0.682,-0.963 and-0.976,respectively.After 2009,the impact of reclamation weakens due to the return of farmland to wetlands;(3)the correlation coefficient between sediment transport and natural wetland area is 0.614,which plays a dominant role in hydrological factors,the sedimentation effect of estuary is stronger than that of ocean erosion effects before 1993 and then reversed.(4)Elevated temperatures and drought events have exacerbated wetland losses.