多源遥感数据在地下采煤塌陷识别中的应用与分析

Application and Analysis of Multi-source Remote Sensing Data in Identifying Underground Coal Mining Subsidence

长期的地下采煤会造成地表沉降,严重影响矿区生态环境和人民生命财产安全,采取可行有效的方法对矿区采空塌陷进行监测与分析,是实施地质灾害精准防护的首要前提,具有重要现实意义.为此,本文利用Sentinel-1 SAR雷达影像和高分辨率光学遥感影像,分别采用小基线(SBAS)InSAR技术和人机交互遥感识别方法对纳雍县鬃岭地质灾害群地下采煤塌陷范围进行了监测识别,对比分析了各自技术特点.结果表明:①基于小基线InSAR雷达监测技术能很好反映监测期内地表形变信息,对因地下开采引发的地表形变较大或微小形变均能有效识别,但对早期煤矿开采造成而目前趋于稳定的采空塌陷识别能力不足;②高分辨率光学遥感人机交互解译对于目前采空塌陷形变已趋于稳定或历史上形成的采空塌陷区损毁土地情况有很好的识别;③综合InSAR监测技术和高分辨率光学影像遥感识别方法,能较全面获取采空塌陷范围及损毁情况,可为矿山地质环境治理、地质灾害防护提供参考依据.

Long term underground coal mining can cause surface subsidence,seriously affecting the ecological environment of mining areas and the safety of people’s lives and property.Adopting feasible and effective methods to monitor and analyze goaf collapse in mining areas is the primary prerequisite for implementing precise geological disaster protection,and has important practical significance.For this reason,it uses Sentinel-1 SAR radar image and high-resolution optical remote sensing image,respectively uses small baseline(SBAS)InSAR technology and human-computer interactive remote sensing recognition methods to monitor and identify the underground coal mining collapse range of Zongling geological hazard group in Nayong County,and compares and analyzes their technical characteristics.The results show that:①The InSAR radar monitoring technology based on small baseline can effectively reflect the information of surface deformation during the monitoring period,and can effectively identify large or small surface deformation caused by underground mining,but the recognition ability for stable goaf collapse caused by early coal mining is insufficient;②High resolution optical remote sensing human-machine interaction interpretation can effectively identify the situation of damaged land in goaf collapse areas that have become stable or historically formed;③By integrating InSAR monitoring technology and high-resolution optical image remote sensing recognition methods,the range and damage situation of goaf collapse can be comprehensively obtained,providing reference basis for geological environment management and geological disaster prevention in mines.