双碳背景下碳排放权交易管理的履约惩罚制度完善

Performance Penalty System Improvement of Carbon Emission Trading Management under the Background of Double Carbon

为有序推进碳达峰碳中和工作,落实碳达峰的行动方案,我国以《碳排放权交易管理办法(试行)》为基础建立了碳排放权交易法律制度,但该制度在履约惩罚方面存在罚款数额设定不科学、幅度过大等问题,从而不能对控排企业产生足够的威慑力,易造成自由裁量权泛滥、权力寻租等。威慑理论和成本收益理论为完善碳排放权交易管理的惩罚制度提供了理论基础。碳排放权交易管理的惩罚制度需要正确定位,合理确定行政罚款的数额,包括建立行政罚款的衔接制度,提高违约成本;合理设计“倍率数距+数值保底”罚款数额,施行双罚制;威慑与激励制并行。

In order to promote the work of carbon peak and carbon neutralization in an orderly manner and implement the action plan of carbon peak,China has established a legal system of carbon emission trading based on the Carbon Emission Trading Management Measures(Trial).However,there are still some shortcomings in this system.For example,the amount of fines for performance penalties is not set scientifically and the range is too large.This provision may lead to problems such as insufficient deterrence for controlled enterprises,easy to cause abuse of discretion,and power rent-seeking.The deterrence theory and cost-benefit theory provide a theoretical basis for improving the punishment system of carbon emissions trading management.In order to solve these problems,the penalty system of carbon emissions trading management needs to be correctly positioned,and the amount of administrative penalty should be reasonably determined,including establishing the connection system of administrative penalty,improving the cost of default,reasonably designing the amount of[DK]"multiple rate number distance+numerical guarantee",and implementing the double penalty system,and combining deterrence and incentive systems.