激光增材制造过程监测与控制研究进展及展望

Research Progress and Prospect of Process Sensing and Control in Laser Additive Manufacturing

激光增材制造(Laser additive manufacturing,LAM)以激光为载能束逐层熔化堆积金属材料的方式成形构件,因其兼顾制造效率与成形精度,在国防工程、航空航天领域受到广泛关注。提高制造过程稳定性、改善成形精度、消除内部缺陷是推进LAM高效、高质量发展与应用必须解决的关键科学与技术难题,对LAM过程实施在线监测与控制是解决这些难题的必经之路。分析了LAM成形缺陷的产生机制及相应的抑制措施,阐述了LAM过程信号的监测方法与研究现状,讨论了LAM成形质量的闭环控制策略,指出了未来LAM过程监测与控制的主要研究方向。

Laser additive manufacturing(LAM)uses the laser as the energy beam to melt and deposit metal layer by layer to form components,considering both manufacturing efficiency and forming accuracy.It has received widespread attention in the fields of national defense engineering and aerospace.Improving the stability of the manufacturing process,optimizing forming accuracy,and eliminating internal defects are key scientific and technological challenges that must be addressed to promote the efficient and high-quality development and application of LAM.Implementing online monitoring and control in LAM is necessary to address these challenges.The generation mechanism and corresponding suppression measures of LAM forming defects are analyzed,the monitoring methods and research status of LAM process signals are elaborated,and the closed-loop control strategies of LAM quality are discussed.The main research directions of process monitoring and control for LAM in the future are advised.