从易学到心学:象山思想逻辑新探

From Yixue to Xinxue:A New Exploration of the Logic of Xiangshan’s Thought

学界普遍认为象山心学主要渊源于孟学,于是形成了“从孟学到心学”的阐释路径,却忽视了更为重要的象山学逻辑理路:“从易学到心学”。由于孟学的影响主要出现在象山晚年,并非贯穿象山思想发展的全过程,且主要影响了象山晚年心性论的发展,不能阐释象山早中年的心性论,更不能阐释象山宇宙论、工夫论、发用论的思想发展。因此要全面、连贯、系统地阐释象山学的发展,必须重视从易学到心学的进路。首先,象山通过易理研究提出宇宙存在与运动之本原的宇宙本体论;通过易数研究而提出宇宙之生化及其模式的宇宙生成论。其次,在卦象与卦言的阐释与研究基础上,构建了基本心学思想体系。再次,在“简易”“求道”的基础上,提出了简易与直截工夫。最后,在易之妙用的基础上,构建了为人处世与治国理政两个方面的发用论。

It is widely believed in the academic community that Xiangshan Xinxue mainly originates from Mengxue,thus forming an interpretive path from Mengxue to Xinxue.However,they overlooked the more important logical path of Xiangshan Studies:“From Yixue to Xinxue”.Due to the influence of Mencius’studies mainly appearing in the later years of Xiangshan,which did not run through the entire process of development of Xiangshan thought.It mainly influenced the development of Xiangshan’s theory of mind and nature in his later years,so it cannot explain Xiangshan’s early and middle age theory of mind and nature,let alone the development of Xiangshan’s theory of cosmology,Gong fu theory,and pragmatism.Therefore,in order to comprehensively,coherently,and systematically explain the development of Xiangshan Studies,it is necessary to attach importance to the approach from Yixue to Xinxue.First,Xiangshan proposed the cosmic ontology of the universe’s existence and motion through the study of Yi,the theory of cosmogenesis of the universe’s pattern of Sheng and nurture through the study of numbers.Second,based on the interpretation and research of hexagrams,an basic system of Xinxue was constructed.Third,on the basis of“simplicity”and“seeking Tao”,the concepts of simplicity and straightforwardness are proposed.Finally,based on the use of Yi,a theory of development and application was constructed in two aspects:dealing with people and governing the country.