面向船员健康的船舶噪声机理与防治

Mechanism and Prevention of Ship Noise Oriented to Seafarers'Health

船员生理健康和心理健康作为船员健康体系框架的重要维度,对保障船舶安全、促进船员健康管理有着重要意义。其中,噪声是影响船员健康的重要因素,国际海事组织和中国船级社均对噪声防护制定了详细的标准。为从影响船员健康的角度论述船舶噪声机理,首先,对船舶噪声的类别进行细化,并对舱室噪声来源进行分析;其次,对比不同噪声仿真技术在船舶领域的应用,介绍船舶领域常见的统计能量分析法;最后,从噪声源、传播途径和噪声接受者等3个层面论述防治方法。研究结果表明,船体结构振动是舱室噪声的主要传播途径,船舶舱室结构的优化和阻尼材料的应用可以有效防治舱室噪声。

As an important dimension of the seafarer health system framework,the physical and mental health of seafarers is of great significance in ensuring ship safety and promoting health management,among which noise is an important factor affecting seafarer health.Both the International Maritime Organization and China Classification Society have developed detailed standards for noise protection.To study the mechanism of ship noise from the perspective of impacting seafarer health,the paper refines the categorization of ship noise,analyzes the sources of cabin noise.Furthermore,the paper compares the application of different noise simulation techniques in the domain of ship,and introduces the common Statistical Energy Method in the field of ships.Finally,it studies the prevention and control methods from the three perspectives of noise sources,transmission channel and noise receiver.The results show that the vibration of ship hull structure is the transmission channel of cabin noise,and the optimization of ship cabin structure and the application of damping materials can effectively prevent and control cabin noise.