论环境侵权精神损害赔偿制度

On the Compensation System for Mental Damage Caused by Environmental Tort

环境侵权案件中精神损害是一种“看不见”的内在损害,公民维权难上加难。分析我国环境侵权精神损害赔偿案件判决现状,发现我国环境侵权精神损害赔偿制度存在立法层面不健全、法律制度不完善、司法能力不完备等问题。从环境人格权纳入《民法典》人格利益、《环境保护法》明确价值理念方面完善立法体系;从细化“严重后果”认定、合理分配多方举证责任方面完善法律制度;从鉴定机制建设、加强法官审判质效及技巧方面完备司法能力,以期更好地加强环境侵权精神损害赔偿的法律保护。

Mental damage in environmental tort cases is a kind of“invisible”internal damage,and it is more difficult for citizens to protect their rights.By analyzing the current situation of the judgment of compensation cases for environmental tort,it is found that China's environmental tort mental damage compensation system has problems such as imperfect legislation,imperfect legal system and incomplete judicial capacity.To improve the legislation system from the environmental personality right into the“Civil Code”personality interests,“Environmental Protection Law”clear value concept;Perfecting the legal system from the elaboration of“serious consequences”identification,reasonable distribution of multi-party burden of proof;In order to strengthen the legal protection of environmental tort compensation,we should improve the judicial ability from the aspects of appraisal mechanism construction,strengthening the judge's judgment quality and efficiency and skills.