非物质文化遗产数字化成果财产权的建构

The Construction of Property Rights of Digital Achievements of Intangible Culture Heritage

非遗数字化成果关涉公共利益,其是否有必要采取私法保护的路径、是否能够作为财产权的客体,亟待澄清。为纾此困,通过“Encoding/Decoding”理论窥探非遗数字化成果受财产权保护的理据,从而明确非遗数字化成果作为财产权客体的法律地位。值此,既与非遗的生产性保护内在契合,又形成了对利益相关者的激励效用。依据非遗数字化成果生成与传播过程中所承载的不同私益品性,可将非遗数字化成果财产权界分为创作者的财产权与传播者的财产权,二者虽然在具体客体上有所差别,但权利内容均以控制权、利用权和处分权为核心。同时应当看到,拘囿于非遗的数字化系以非遗的保护传承为旨归,且其亦是对非遗利用方式的延展,非遗数字化成果财产权主体的权利须受到非遗权利人的制约,并应当以非遗的保护传承作为权利保护的边界,藉此消解非遗数字化成果的确权保护与非遗保护传承的表面张力。

The digital achievements of intangible cultural heritage are related to public interests.Whether it is necessary to adopt the path of private law protection and whether it can be used as the object of property rights needs to be clarified.The“Encoding/Decoding”theory explores the reasons for the protection of digital achievements of intangible cultural heritage by property rights to clarify the legal status of digital achievements of intangible cultural heritage as the object of property rights.On this occasion,it not only coincides with the productive protection of intangible cultural heritage,but also forms an incentive effect for stakeholders.According to the different private benefits carried in the process of generation and dissemination of digital achievements of intangible cultural heritage,the property rights of digital achievements of intangible cultural heritage can be divided into the property rights of creators and the property rights of disseminators.Although the two differ in specific objects,the content of rights is centered on the right of control,utilization and disposal.At the same time,it should be noted that the digitization of intangible cultural heritage is aimed at the protection and inheritance of intangible cultural heritage,and it is also an extension of the use of intangible cultural heritage.The rights of the property rights subject of digital achievements of intangible cultural heritage should be restricted by the owners of intangible cultural heritage,and the protection and inheritance of intangible cultural heritage should be the boundary of rights protection.Thus,the surface tension between the protection of rights and the inheritance of intangible cultural heritage is dispelled.