成体气道上皮基底细胞的功能与再生应用研究进展

Functions and regenerative applications of adult humanairway epithelial basal cells

基底细胞是成人气道上皮的主要细胞类型,分子标志为P63和KRT5,具有自我更新能力和多向分化潜能。基底细胞的分化主要受Notch信号调控。基底细胞功能低下或耗竭可启动肺组织异常修复和/或病理性重塑。支气管扩张症、特发性肺纤维化、COPD患者气道上皮存在自我更新能力的基底细胞,并可被体外扩增。经支气管镜气道植入自体基底细胞后,支气管扩张症与特发性肺纤维化患者的肺结构、肺功能与运动能力出现不同程度的改善。

Basal cells are the major cell type of the adult airway epithelium,expressing the molecular markers P63 and KRT5,and possessing tissue stem cell properties such as self-renewal capacity and multidirectional differentiation potential.Basal cell differentiation is mainly regulated by Notch signaling.Insufficiency or depletion of basal cells can initiate abnormal repair and/or pathological remodeling of lung tissue.Residual basal stem cells are present in the airway epithelium of patients with bronchiectasis,idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis,and COPD and can be cultured and expanded in vitro.After transbronchoscopic airway implantation of autologous basal cells,patients with bronchiectasis and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis may show some improvement in lung structure,lung function and exercise capacity.