莆田地区儿童过敏性鼻炎吸入性过敏原检测结果分析

Analysis of inhalant allergen test results in children with allergic rhinitis in Putian area

目的 探讨莆田地区儿童过敏性鼻炎吸入过敏原致敏情况,为该地区过敏性鼻炎的预防提供依据。方法 回顾性分析2020年4月—2021年3月本院门诊收治的怀疑过敏性鼻炎并进行血清吸入变应原特异性IgE(sIgE)检测的患儿(0~14岁)的临床资料。sIgE检测采用免疫印迹法。采用χ2检验对变应原分布特征进行统计分析。结果 吸入过敏原检测阳性率前2名为屋尘螨/粉尘螨(61.6%,409/664)、霉菌组合(25.6%,170/664)。依据年龄分婴幼儿组、学龄前组、学龄组对比过敏原阳性率,屋尘螨/粉尘螨阳性率分别为46.7%(56/120)、58.7%(135/230)、69.4%(218/314),蟑螂阳性率分别为5%(6/120)、10.4%(24/230)、15.6%(79/314),差异均有统计学意义(χ2分别为20.264、10.034,Ρ<0.05)。对比春夏季和秋冬季过敏原阳性率,屋尘螨/粉尘螨阳性率为66.5%(262/394)、54.4%(147/270),霉菌组合阳性率为28.4%(112/394)、21.5%(58/270),差异均有统计学意义(χ2分别为9.839、21.538,Ρ<0.05)。结论 屋尘螨/粉尘螨是莆田地区过敏性鼻炎中最常见的吸入性过敏原,随年龄增长屋尘螨/粉尘螨、蟑螂的致敏率增高,屋尘螨/粉尘螨、霉菌组合在春夏季节的致敏率高于秋冬季节。

Objective To investigate the aeroallergen sensitization of allergic rhinitis in children in Putian area and provide clinical basis for prevention of allergic rhinitis in the area.Methods The clinical data of children(0-14 years old)with suspected allergic rhinitis who attended the outpatient clinic of Putian children's hospital between April 2020 and March 2021 and underwent serum inhalation allergen-specific IgE(sIgE)test were analyzed retrospectively.sIgE testing was performed by immunoblotting.The chi-square test was used for statistical analysis of allergen distribution characteristics.Results The top two positive rates of inhalant allergens were Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus/Dermatophagoides farina(61.6%,409/664)and mold combinations(25.6%,170/664).Comparing the allergen positive rates based on age in the infant group,preschool group,and school age group,the Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus/Dermatophagoides farina positive rates were 46.7%(56/120),58.7%(135/230),and 69.4%(218/314),and the cockroach positive rates were 5%(6/120),10.4%(24/230),and 15.6%(79/314).The differences were all statistically significant(χ2=20.264,Ρ<0.05;χ2=10.034,Ρ<0.05).Comparing the allergen positive rates in spring-summer and autumn-winter,the Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus/Dermatophagoides farina positive rates were 66.5%(262/394)and 54.4%(147/270),and the mold combination positive rates were 28.4%(112/394)and 21.5%(58/270),all with statistically significant differences(χ2=9.839,Ρ<0.05;χ2=21.538,Ρ<0.05).Conclusions Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus/Dermatophagoides farina are the most common aeroallergen inducing children's allergic rhinitis in Putian area.The sensitization rate of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus/Dermatophagoides farina and Cockroach will increase with age.The sensitization rate of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus/Dermatophagoides farina and Mold combination will be higher in Spring and Summer than that in Autumn and Winter.