全面抗战初期日军轰炸广州与美英政府的因应

The Japanese Bombardment of Guangzhou in the Early Period of the Nationwide War Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the Response of the American and British Government

全面抗战爆发初期,日军对广州的轰炸在美英与日本之间引发了一场旷日持久的外交博弈。面对日本既希望通过轰炸达到以炸迫降的目的,又试图以行动化解对日本外交造成的负面影响,基于对日军轰炸性质的不同认识,在中国政府援华制日的呼吁下,美英政府从人道主义及其自身利益出发,试图以外交手段阻止日军的轰炸行为。受自身利益、国际国内局势等因素的影响,英国流于外交抗议层面,美国则对日实施“道义禁运”,标志着其远东政策开始转变。美英政府对于日军轰炸之因应始终是以其国家利益为中心,深刻影响了美英与日本关系的发展轨迹。

In the early days of the outbreak of the nationwide war against Japanese aggression,the Japanese bombardment of Guangzhou sparked a protracted diplomatic game between the United States,Britain,and Japan.Japan aimed to achieve the objective of“bombing to force surrender”while also trying to mitigate the negative diplomatic consequences.Under the call of the Chinese government to assist China,restrain Japan,and in consideration of humanitarian concerns and their own interests,the American and British governments attempted to deter the Japanese bombings through diplomatic means,based on their different understandings of the nature of the Japanese bombing.Influenced by their own interests,international and domestic situations,the British government leaned towards diplomatic protests,while the United States implemented a“moral embargo”against Japan.This marked a turning point in American policy towards the Far East.The response of the American and British governments to the Japanese bombings always prioritized their national interests and profoundly affected the trajectory of their relationships with Japan.