淳安县两栖和爬行动物资源调查与多样性分析

Investigation and Diversity Analysis on Amphibian and Reptile Resources in Chun’an County

2022年3—9月,在浙江省淳安县开展了两栖和爬行动物资源调查,并分析其多样性特征。结果表明:(1)两栖和爬行动物共记录到4目24科57属69种,其中两栖动物美洲牛蛙Rana catesbeiana、爬行动物红耳彩龟Trachemys scripta elegans和拟鳄龟Chelydra serpentina为外来物种,实际记录本地两栖动物2目9科22属28种1818只,本地爬行动物2目15科35属41种3120只;其中,单型科有12个,单型属有48个,国家二级保护动物有6种,浙江省重点保护野生动物有16种,说明淳安县两栖和爬行动物具有较高的保护价值;15个优势种均为经济价值低的小型动物或者有人工养殖存在的物种,说明淳安县大多数两栖和爬行动物承受着较大的生态环境压力。(2)按动物地理区系类型分,淳安县两栖和爬行动物表现出偏向东洋界的特征,东洋界类型有57种,占淳安县两栖和爬行动物总种数的86.36%,其中,华中华南区物种有37种(占56.06%),南中国型物种有42种(占63.64%)。(3)按生态类群分,淳安县两栖动物以流水型物种为主,共10种,占两栖动物总种数的37.04%,爬行动物以陆栖型和陆栖树栖型物种为主,共24种,占淳安县爬行动物总种数的61.54%;陆栖流水型和水栖型中,两栖动物占比极显著的高于爬行动物(P<0.01);而陆栖型中,爬行动物占比极显著的高于两栖动物(P<0.01)。以上分析说明两栖动物偏喜湿地环境,而爬行动物偏喜陆地环境。因此,淳安县两栖动物面临更大的挑战,对其保护显得更为迫切,建议优先开展湿地生态环境的治理与保护。

Investigation was carried out from March to September 2022 on amphibian and reptile resourcec in Chun’an county,Zhejiang province,and their diversity characteristics were analyzed.The results showed that there were 69 species of amphibians and reptiles belonging to 4 orders,24 families and 57 genera,among them,Rana catesbeiana,Trachemys scripta elegans and Chelydra serpentina were alien species.Exactly,there were 1818 local Amphibian belonging to 28 species of 22 genera,9 families,2 orders,and 3120 local reptiles belonging to 41 species of 35 genera,15 families,2 orders.There were 12 monotypic families,48 monotypic genera,6 species under national second-class key protection,and 16 species under provincial key protection.15 dominant species were small animals with low economic value or captive breeding,indicating that most of amphibians and reptiles were under great ecological pressure in Chun’an.According to the types of faunal geography,there were 57 Oriental species accounting for 86.36% of the total species of amphibians and reptiles,including 37 species of Central and South China(56.06%),and 42 species of South China(63.64%).According to the ecological group,amphibians were dominated by eotic species,10 species accounting for 37.04% of the total amphibians,while reptiles were mainly terrestrial and terrestrial-arboreal specie,24 species accounting for 61.54% of the total reptiles.The proportion of amphibians in terrestrial eotic and aquatic type was evidently higher than that of reptiles(P<0.01).The proportion of reptiles in terrestrial type was significantly higher than that of amphibians(P<0.01).