日光温室番茄东西垄向模式下群体光环境及产量分布特征

Characteristics of group light environment and yield distribution of tomato under east-west ridge pattern in solar greenhouse

为探索日光温室番茄宜机化栽培模式,采用东西垄向(1.8 m垄距,密度3.3株/m^(2))栽培模式,在起垄、移栽机械作业下研究不同栽培垄番茄群体光环境、产量、品质特征。结果表明:在日光温室(净跨8.5 m)番茄东西方向起垄模式下,同一栽培垄南侧行番茄群体的透光率较北侧高50%以上,南侧行番茄单果重、单株产量和总产量均显著高于北侧行20%左右,品质也优于北侧行。不同栽培垄番茄行间透光率由北向南逐渐升高,行内平均透光率除第1垄较低外,其他3垄间没有显著差异。不同垄之间番茄叶片最大光化学量子产量Fv/Fm也没有显著差异。番茄产量分布在栽培垄之间呈现出由北向南逐渐增加的趋势,不同垄之间果实品质没有显著差异,番茄5穗果总产量达到71866 kg/hm^(2)。

In order to explore the suitable mechanized cultivation mode of tomatoes in solar greenhouse,east-west ridge cultivation(1.8 m ridge spacing,density 3.3 plants/m 2)was carried out under mechanized ridge raising and transplanting.The distribution characteristics of light environment,yield and quality of tomato populations in different ridges from east to west were studied.The results showed that under the east-west ridge cultivation mode of the solar greenhouse(with a clear span of 8.5 m),the tomato population in the southern row of the same cultivation ridge had a light transmittance of over 50% higher than that in the northern row.The weight of single fruit,yield per plant,and total yield of the southern row of tomatoes were significantly higher than those of the northern row by about 20%,and the quality was also better than that of the northern row.The light transmittance between rows of tomato under different cultivation ridges gradually increased from north to south,and there was no significant difference in the average light transmittance among the other three rows except for the first row,which was lower.There was no significant difference in the maximum photochemical quantum yield Fv/Fm of tomato leaves between different ridges.The distribution of tomato yield shows a gradually increasing trend from north to south between cultivation ridges,and there is no significant difference in fruit quality between different ridges.The total yield of tomato 5 ears of fruit reaches 71866 kg/hm^(2).