两性/阴离子复配湿润剂高压雾化降尘

High-pressure atomization dust reduction with amphoteric/anionic compound wetting agent

为了解决综采工作面生产期间高浓度粉尘污染问题,在分析两性/阴离子复配湿润剂(AAC)与高压雾化降尘行为的基础上,采用正交试验法对十二烷基二甲基甜菜碱(BS-12)、仲烷基磺酸钠(SAS)进行复配研究.通过粉尘沉降实验、溶液表面张力测试优选AAC的最佳湿润质量分数,依托浸泡吸液实验对比BS-12、SAS、AAC的湿润能力.结合现场降尘实践,在8 MPa的高压雾化压力下和1.5 m/s的综采工作面风速下,对比矿井水、相同质量分数的BS-12、SAS与AAC的降尘效果.结果表明,BS-12和SAS的最佳质量分数比为0.30%∶0.20%,当AAC的质量分数为0.20%时,粉尘沉降时间和溶液表面张力均趋近于最小值.在浸泡初期,AAC、SAS、BS-12溶液中的煤体和矿井水中的煤体均处于快速吸液状态,浸泡时间为4 h,AAC溶液中的煤体吸液率较矿井水、BS-12、SAS溶液中的分别增加了87.83%、24.14%、16.76%;在浸泡后期,各溶液中的煤体吸液率均逐渐稳定.综采工作面粉尘浓度先增加后减少,粉尘浓度最高点在采煤机下风侧10 m附近.AAC高压雾化降尘后,总粉尘和呼吸性粉尘的平均降尘效率分别为91.63%和91.59%,降尘效果较矿井水、BS-12、SAS的有显著提升.

To resolve the problem of high concentration dust pollution during the production of fully-mechanized coal mining face,based on the analysis of the dust reduction behavior of amphoteric/anionic compound wetting agent(AAC)and high-pressure atomization,the dodecyl dimethyl betaine(BS-12)and the sodium sec-alkyl sulfonate(SAS)were compounding studied by orthogonal experiment.The optimum wetting mass fraction of AAC was selected by dust settling experiment and solution surface tension test,the wetting ability of BS-12,SAS,and AAC was compared by immersion aspiration test.Combined with the on-site dust reduction practice,the dust reduction effect of mine water,BS-12,SAS and AAC with the same mass fraction was compared under the high-pressure atomization pressure of 8 MPa and the wind speed of 1.5 m/s in the fully-mechanized coal mining face.Results showed that the optimum mass fraction ratio of BS-12 and SAS was 0.30%∶0.20%,when the mass fraction of AAC was 0.20%,the dust settling time and the solution surface tension tended to be the minimum value.At the early stage of soaking,the coal bodies in AAC,SAS,BS-12 solution and mine water were in a fast absorption state,the soaking time was 4 h,the absorption rate of coal bodies in AAC solution increased by 87.83%,24.14%,and 16.76%compared with that in mine water,BS-12,and SAS solution respectively;at the later stage of soaking,the absorption rate of coal bodies in each solution were gradually stabilized.The dust concentration in fully-mechanized coal mining face increases and then decreases,and the highest point of dust concentration is located near 10 m on the downwind side of the shearer.After AAC high-pressure atomization dust reduction,the average dust reduction efficiency of total dust and respirable dust was 91.63%and 91.59%respectively,and the dust reduction effect of AAC high-pressure atomization was significantly higher than that of mine water,BS-12 and SAS.